Surgical suction device that uses positive pressure gas

ABSTRACT

A surgical suction device that uses positive pressure gas is shown and described. The surgical suction device includes an air amplifier. The air amplifier includes a structure defining a generally cylindrical cavity having a first opening at a first end and a second opening at a second end. The cylindrical cavity is defined by an inner wall of the cavity. The air amplifier includes an annular opening in the inner wall near the first end. The annular opening defines a jet opening adapted to allow a pressurized gas to flow out of the annular opening such that a low pressure region is produced at the first end and an amplified flow is produced at the second end. The annular opening is further configured such that the pressurized gas enters the cavity at an angle with respect to the inner wall of the cavity that is towards the second end.

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/887,191 filed Oct. 19, 2015 which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/191,689, filed Jul. 13, 2015, whichapplication is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Suction may be generated in a number of ways in a number of differentapplications. Generally speaking, suction generating devices are used toremove gasses, liquids, or any combination thereof from an environment.Suction is typically generated by electric or motor powered deviceswhich tend to be noisy and cumbersome.

SUMMARY

Described herein are devices, systems, and methods for providingsuction. In some embodiments, the suction is generated passively.

Described herein is a surgical suction device that includes an airamplifier. In some embodiments, the air amplifier includes a structuredefining a generally cylindrical cavity having a first opening at afirst end and a second opening at a second end. In some embodiments, thecylindrical cavity is defined by an inner wall of the cavity. In someembodiments, the air amplifier includes an annular opening in the innerwall near the first end. In some embodiments, he annular opening definesa jet opening adapted to allow a pressurized gas to flow out of theannular opening such that a low pressure region is produced at the firstend and an amplified flow is produced at the second end. The annularopening is further configured such that the pressurized gas enters thecavity at an angle with respect to the inner wall of the cavity that istowards the second end. The cavity is flared to a larger diameter wherethe annular opening communicates with the cavity.

Described herein is a passive suction device comprising a housingcomprising a first hollow segment comprising an inlet port configured toreceive a gas, a liquid, or a combination thereof; a first opening; anda first outer surface surrounding the first opening; a second hollowsegment having an interior and comprising an outlet port configured torelease the gas, the liquid, or the combination thereof from thehousing; a second opening facing the first opening; and a second outersurface surrounding the second opening and facing the first outersurface; and an airflow amplifier comprising a pressurized gas portconfigured to receive a pressurized gas flow; and a conduit comprising agap space between the first outer surface and the second outer surface,wherein the conduit is in fluid continuity with the pressurized gasport, and wherein the conduit is positioned at an angle relative to thesecond opening in order to receive the pressurized gas flow from thepressurized gas port and direct the pressurized gas flow into the secondopening such that when the pressurized gas flow passes into the secondhollow segment, the pressurized gas flow travels essentially entirelyalong one or more interior surfaces of the second hollow segment. Insome embodiments, the inlet port further comprises a valve configured toprevent backflow of the gas, the liquid, or the combination thereof. Insome embodiments, the passive suction device further comprises an alarmconfigured to activate in the presence of a backflow of the gas, theliquid, or the combination thereof through the housing. In someembodiments, the alarm port is continuous with the first segment. Insome embodiments, the passive suction device further comprises a filter.In some embodiments, the first hollow segment and the second hollowsegment are configured to move relative to each other thus changing thedistance between the first outer surface and the second outer surface,and thus adjusting the width of the gap space of the conduit. In someembodiments, when the pressurized gas flow travels essentially entirelyalong one or more surfaces of the hollow interior of the second segmenta low pressure area forms within the interior of the second segmentthereby creating suction that draws the gas, liquid, solid, or anycombination thereof through the inlet port, through the first hollowsegment, through the first opening, through the second opening, throughthe second hollow segment, and through the outlet port. In someembodiments, the conduit is positioned at an angle determined by theangle of the first surface, and wherein the angle of the first surfacecomprises an angle between 0 degrees and 90 degrees.

Described herein is a method for passively generating suction comprisingproviding a device comprising a first hollow segment and a second hollowsegment; and an airflow amplifier comprising a pressurized gas portconfigured to receive a pressurized gas flow; and a conduit comprising agap space between the first hollow segment and the second hollowsegment, wherein the conduit is in fluid continuity with the pressurizedgas port, and wherein the conduit is positioned to receive thepressurized gas flow from the pressurized gas port and direct thepressurized gas flow into the second opening such that when thepressurized gas flow passes into the second hollow segment, thepressurized gas flow travels essentially entirely along one or moreinterior surfaces of the second hollow segment. In some embodiments, thedevice further comprises a valve configured to prevent backflow of thegas, the liquid, or the combination thereof. In some embodiments, thedevice further comprises an alarm configured to activate in the presenceof a backflow of the gas, the liquid, or the combination thereof throughthe housing. In some embodiments, the device further comprises an alarmport comprising an air powered alarm configured to sound an alarm when abackflow of air passes through the alarm port. In some embodiments, thealarm port is continuous with the first segment. In some embodiments,the device further comprises a filter. In some embodiments, the width ofthe gap space of the conduit is adjustable. In some embodiments, theflow of pressurized gas through the second hollow segment forms a lowpressure area within the interior of the second hollow segment therebycreating suction. In some embodiments, the second hollow segmentcomprises an opening configured to receive the pressurized gas flow fromthe conduit, and the conduit is positioned to direct the pressurized gasflow at an angle between 0 degrees and 90 degrees relative to the firsthollow segment.

Described herein is a method of passively creating suction using apassive suction device comprising receiving a pressurized gas flow intoa conduit of the suction device; and directing the flow of thepressurized gas through a gap space between a first hollow segment and asecond hollow segment of the device such that the pressurized gastravels through the second hollow segment and essentially entirely alongone or more surfaces of the hollow interior of the second hollow segmentthus creating the suction. In some embodiments, the method furthercomprises adjusting a dimension of the gap space thus modifying theintensity of the suction. In some embodiments, the method furthercomprises receiving, using the suction, a suction flow comprising asolid, liquid, or mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the methodfurther comprises filtering the suction flow. In some embodiments, themethod further comprising sounding an alarm in the presence of ablockage of the suction flow. In some embodiments, the second hollowsegment comprises an opening configured to receive the pressurized gasflow from the conduit, and the conduit is positioned to direct thepressurized gas flow at an angle between 0 degrees and 90 degreesrelative to the first hollow segment.

Described herein is a method for providing suction during a surgicalprocedure comprising receiving a suction device configured to passivelygenerate suction by directing a flow of a pressurized gas through thesuction device; delivering the pressurized gas to the device thusproviding suction during the surgical procedure; and applying thesuction to a surgical field thus suctioning a gas, a liquid, a solid, orany combination thereof that result from the surgical procedure. In someembodiments, the method further comprises adjusting the intensity of thesuction. In some embodiments, the method further comprises filtering thesuctioned gas, the liquid, the solid, or the any combination thereof. Insome embodiments, the method further comprises sounding an alarm in thepresence of a blockage of the device. In some embodiments, the device isconfigured to couple with a surgical suction system comprising acanister and a suction tube. In some embodiments, the suction devicefurther comprises a valve configured to prevent backflow of thesuctioned gas, liquid, solid, or any combination thereof. In someembodiments, a suction capacity of the device is between about 10 poundsper square inch to about 25 pounds per square inch.

An aspect of the present disclosure provides a passive suction device.The device comprises (a) a first hollow segment having a central axis,wherein the first hollow segment comprises (i) an inlet port configuredto receive a gas, a liquid, a solid or any combination thereof (ii) afirst opening; and (iii) a first facing surface at least partiallysurrounding the first opening; (b) a second hollow segment having aninterior and comprising (i) an outlet port configured to release thegas, the liquid, the solid or any combination thereof; (ii) a secondopening facing the first opening; and (iii) a second facing surface atleast partially surrounding the second opening and facing the firstouter surface; and (c) an airflow amplifier comprising: (i) apressurized gas port configured to receive a pressurized gas flow; and(ii) a conduit defined by the first facing surface and the second facingsurface. In some embodiments, the conduit is in fluid communication withthe pressurized gas port. In some embodiments, the first facing surfacecomprises an angle less than 90 degrees relative to a central axis ofthe first hollow segment. In some embodiments, the conduit is configuredto receive the pressurized gas flow and direct the pressurized gas flowinto the second opening such that the pressurized gas flow through thesecond opening generates an area of low pressure which generates asuction flow causing the inlet port to receive the gas, the liquid, thesolid, or the combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the inlet port further comprises a valve configuredto prevent backflow of the gas, the liquid, or the combination thereof.In some embodiments, the device further comprises an alarm configured toactivate in the presence of a backflow of the gas, the liquid, or thecombination thereof. In some embodiments, the alarm port is in fluidcommunication with the first segment. In some embodiments, the devicefurther comprises a filter configured to filter the gas, the liquid, thesolid, or the combination thereof. In some embodiments, the devicefurther comprises a tuner arm configured to adjust a width of theconduit, wherein the tuner arm is configured to move one or more of thefirst hollow segment and the second hollow segment relative to eachother thus changing a distance between the first facing surface and thesecond facing surface. In some embodiments, the width of the conduit isadjustable between about 0 millimeters (mm) and about 2 mm. In someembodiments, the device further comprises an angle adjustmentcontroller, wherein the angle adjustment controller is configured toadjust the angle.

An aspect of the present disclosure provides an airflow amplifier. Theair amplifier comprises (a) a conduit having a diameter and comprising afirst wall and a second wall, and wherein the conduit is configured toreceive a pressurized gas flow; (b) a hollow segment in fluidcommunication with the conduit and having a central axis; and (c) atuner arm configured to adjust a width of the conduit. In someembodiments, the first wall of the conduit is angled at an angle lessthan 90 degrees relative to the central axis of the receiving channel.In some embodiments, the conduit is configured to direct a pressurizedgas flow into the hollow segment such that the pressurized gas flowthrough the hollow segment generates an area of low pressure whichgenerates a suction flow and amplifies the flow of the pressurized gas.In some embodiments, the tuner arm is configured to move one or more ofthe first wall and the second wall relative to each other.

In some embodiments, the amplifier further comprises a chamber whereinthe suction flow is generated by the flow of the pressurized gas. Insome embodiments, the amplifier further comprises a filter through whichthe suction flow passes. In some embodiments, the chamber furthercomprises a flow valve configured to prevent a back flow of the suctionflow outside of the chamber. In some embodiments, the amplifier furthercomprises an alarm configured to sound when a blockage is present in thereceiving channel. In some embodiments, the width of the conduit isadjustable between about 0 millimeters (mm) and about 2 mm.

An aspect of the present disclosure provides a suction system. Thesuction system comprises (a) a pressurized gas; (b) a suction device,comprising (i) a pressurized gas port configured to receive thepressurized gas; (ii) a conduit having a diameter and comprising a firstwall and a second wall, and wherein the conduit is configured to receivea pressurized gas flow; (iii) a hollow segment in fluid communicationwith the conduit and having a central axis; and (c) a canisterconfigured to receive a gas, a liquid, a solid, or combination thereof.In some embodiments, the first wall of the conduit is angled at an angleless than 90 degrees relative to the central axis of the receivingchannel. In some embodiments, the conduit is configured to direct apressurized gas flow into the hollow segment such that the pressurizedgas flow through the hollow segment generates an area of low pressurewhich generates a suction flow. In some embodiments, the canister is influid communication with the suction device such that a suction forcegenerated by the suction device is transmitted to the canister causingthe canister to receive the gas, the liquid, the solid or thecombination thereof.

In some embodiments, the pressurized gas flow conduit has a diameter,and wherein the diameter is adjustable. In some embodiments, the suctiondevice further comprises an alarm configured to sound when a blockage ispresent in the receiving channel. In some embodiments, the canister isconfigured to contain the liquid, the solid, or the combination thereofand the gas is suctioned through the canister and into the suctiondevice. In some embodiments, the suction device further comprises afilter through which the suctioned gas is passed through. In someembodiments, the suction system further comprises a tuner arm configuredto adjust a width of the conduit, wherein the tuner arm is configured tomove one or more of the first wall and the second wall relative to eachother.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in thisspecification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent asif each individual publication, patent, or patent application wasspecifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features of the subject matter described herein are set forthwith particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of thefeatures and advantages of the present subject matter will be obtainedby reference to the following detailed description that sets forthillustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the subject matterdescribed herein are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a suction system.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a method of operating a suctionsystem.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a suction system with backflowprevention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a suction system with backflowalert.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a suction system with safetyfeatures.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a method of operating a suctionsystem with safety features.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a suction system with blockageclearing control.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a suction system with safetyfeatures and blockage clearing control.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustration a method of operating a suctionsystem with safety features and blockage clearing control.

FIG. 10A is a block diagram illustrating a filtering suction system.

FIG. 10B is a block diagram illustrating the operation of a filteringsuction system.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a method of operating afiltering suction system.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a positive pressure operatedsuction device.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a positive pressure operatedsuction device with backflow prevention.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating a positive pressure operatedsuction device with backflow alert.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a positive pressure operatedsuction device with safety features.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating a filtering suction device withsafety features.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating a compensated filtering suctiondevice.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a method of operating acompensated filtering suction device.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a suction device with adjustablepressure gap.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a method of operating a suction devicewith adjustable pressure gap.

FIG. 21A is a diagram illustrating a suction device with backflowprevention valve.

FIGS. 21B and 21C are close-up diagrams of FIG. 21B1, illustrating aconduit of a suction device with backflow prevention valve.

FIG. 21D is a diagram illustrating the operation of a suction devicewith backflow prevention valve during normal operation.

FIG. 21E is a diagram illustrating the operation of a suction devicewith backflow prevention valve in the event of an obstruction.

FIG. 22A is a diagram illustrating an exploded view of a backflowprevention valve.

FIG. 22B is a diagram illustrating a backflow prevention valve during ablockage.

FIG. 22C is a diagram illustrating a backflow prevention valve duringnormal operation.

FIG. 23A is a diagram illustrating the operation of a positive pressurevacuum device with safety features during normal operation.

FIG. 23B is a diagram illustrating the operation of a positive pressuresuction device with safety features in the event of a blockage.

FIG. 24A is a diagram illustrating a positive pressure operated suctiondevice.

FIG. 24B is a close-up diagram of FIG. 24B1, illustrating the operationof an adjustable pressure gap for a positive pressure operated suctiondevice.

FIG. 24C is a close-up diagram of FIG. 24C1, illustrating the operationof an adjustable pressure gap for a positive pressure operated suctiondevice.

FIG. 24D is a diagram illustrating the operation of a positive pressureoperated suction device during normal operation.

FIG. 24E is a diagram illustrating the operation of a positive pressureoperated suction device during normal operation.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating a suction system for use in anoperating room.

FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating a method of operating a suction systemfor use in an operating room.

FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a muffler for a positive pressureoperated suction device.

FIG. 28 illustrates the angles of beveled or flared ends that form aconduit when two segments are placed adjacent to one another.

FIG. 29 is a table illustrating different device settings andcorresponding values of smoke flow rate in standard cubic feet perminute (scfm) and static vacuum in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

FIG. 30 is a table illustrating the auditory noise level (dB) ofdifferent devices at 30 psi input pressure.

FIG. 31A-B illustrates a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysisusing a flared end with a 35 degree angle relative to a central axis(FIG. 31A) or a flared end with a 55 degree angle relative to a centralaxis (FIG. 31B).

FIG. 32 is a graph illustrating the maximum static vacuum as a functionof input pressure at a 35 degree angle relative to a central axis or a55 degree angle relative to a central axis.

FIG. 33 is a graph illustrating air consumption (scfm) as a function ofstatic vacuum at 34 psi input pressure.

FIG. 34 is a graph illustrating air consumption (scfm) as a function ofstatic vacuum at 30 psi input pressure.

FIG. 35 is a graph illustrating the noise level (dB) at maximum suctionas a function of input air pressure in pounds per square inch (psi).

FIG. 36 is a graph illustrating the inlet pressure and outlet flow rateas a function of a simulated filter occlusion.

FIG. 37 is an image illustrating the test equipment set up where 37A isa pressure gauge, 37B is a manometer, 37C is a flow meter, 37D is asound meter, 37E is a flow meter, and 37F is a flow meter.

FIG. 38 is a flow diagram illustrating a test equipment set up for airconsumption measurement.

FIG. 39 is a flow diagram illustrating a test equipment set up forstatic vacuum measurement.

FIG. 40 is a flow diagram illustrating a test equipment set up forstatic vacuum and noise measurement.

FIG. 41 is a table illustrating different device conditions for smokeevacuation in the porcine trial.

FIG. 42 is a table illustrating maximum static vacuum (mmHg) in theporcine trial.

FIG. 43 is a graph illustrating maximum static vacuum (mmHg) in theporcine trial.

FIG. 44 is a table illustrating the auditory noise level in decibels(dB) as a function of maximum static vacuum (mmHg) in the porcine trial.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Described herein are devices, methods, and systems for generatingsuction. Before explaining at least one embodiment of the inventiveconcepts disclosed herein in detail, it is to be understood that theinventive concepts are not limited in their application to the detailsof construction, experiments, exemplary data, and/or the arrangement ofthe components set forth in the following description, or illustrated inthe drawings. The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concepts arecapable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out invarious ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology andterminology employed herein is for purpose of description only andshould not be regarded as limiting in any way.

In the following detailed description of embodiments of the describedsubject matter, numerous specific details are set forth in order toprovide a more thorough understanding of the inventive concepts.However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art thatthe inventive concepts within the disclosure may be practiced withoutthese specific details. In other instances, well-known features have notbeen described in detail to avoid unnecessarily complicating the instantdisclosure.

Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to aninclusive or and not an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B issatisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B isfalse (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (orpresent), and both A and B are true (or present).

In addition, use of the “a” or “an” are employed to describe elementsand components of the embodiments herein. This is done merely forconvenience and to give a general sense of the inventive concepts. Thisdescription should be read to include one or at least one and thesingular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meantotherwise.

The term “subject” as used herein may refer to a human subject or anyanimal subject.

Finally, as used herein, any reference to “one embodiment” or “anembodiment” means that a particular element, feature, structure, orcharacteristic described in connection with the embodiment is includedin at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrase “in oneembodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarilyall referring to the same embodiment.

In some embodiments, a suction device for removing medical or surgicalbyproducts, such as smoke, tissue, and body fluids, uses a Coanda effectbased airflow amplifier to create suction. The suction is primarilycreated by the device from a flow of air or a gas (typically pressurizedabove ambient) that is provided to the suction device—not an externalsuction pump (although the device may be used in conjunction with asuction pump). The device may have safety features that prevent the flowof pressurized gas from ‘reversing’ direction and flowing out of thedevice in the wrong direction. In other words, the device is configuredto prevent the pressurized gas from flowing out the suction end of thedevice—which may cause problems or injure a patient.

In some embodiments, a one-way valve resides along the airflow pathinside the device to ensure the flow of pressurized gas does not flowout the suction end of the device. The one way valve may include to adiversion port configured to allow the pressurized gas to escape to theatmosphere. The one way valve may simply stop all flow through thesuction port by isolating the suction port from the air flow amplifierand diverting the pressurized gas out of a diversion port.

In some embodiments, the device may have an alert that is activated whenan obstruction, either partially or entirely, blocks an exhaust pathused by the device. This alert may be activated by the reversal of flowcaused by the obstruction. This alert may be activated by other means(e.g., electronic). In some embodiments, the alert may be activated bythe activation of the one-way valve. In some embodiments, the alert maybe activated by the flow of the pressurized gas out of a diversion port.

In some embodiments, the alert may include one or more mechanical gaugesand/or electronic transducers to measure pressure within the device. Thealert may be configured to activate in response to internal pressurewithin the device reaching a threshold criteria. In some embodiments,the alert may also notify a user of the current internal pressure levelsof the suction device and/or whether the internal pressure levels arewithin the desired operating range.

The alert may be an audible alert, such as a whistle, siren, horn,buzzer, vibration, or any combination thereof. The alert may be a visualalert, such as a constant light or flashing light located on the device.The visual alert may be a lighted button or icon with a symbol or word,such as “Blocked Flow”, that may light when the visual alert isactivated. The alert may be a mechanical alert, such as a tab, lever, orbutton that changes position, such as a button that pops or pushes outof the device during an alert or a lever that rotates on the outside ofthe device during an alert. The device may comprise one or more alerts.The device may comprise one or more visual alerts, audible alerts,mechanical alerts, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, a suction device or attachment includes a suctionor inlet port disposed towards the distal end of the suction device orattachment. The suction device or attachment also includes a pressurizedgas port to receive a first pressurized gas flow. A first air flowamplifier of the suction device or attachment is in fluid communicationwith the suction port. The air flow amplifier is configured to receivethe first pressurized gas flow to produce a first low pressure region.This first low pressure region produces a first flow into the suctionport from outside the suction device or attachment. A combined flow ofthe first pressurized gas flow and the first flow into the suction portpass out of an output port of the first air flow amplifier.

The suction device or attachment may include a filter. This filterreceives (and thereby filters) the combined flow. The filter includes atleast one filter inlet port and at least one filter output port. The atleast one filter inlet port is fluidically connected to a filter mediaso that air entering the filter passes through a filter media beforeexiting the at least one filter output port. Accordingly, the combinedflow is filtered during its passage through the filter.

In some embodiments, the suction device or attachment may include asecond air flow amplifier. The second air flow amplifier is configuredto produce a second low pressure region that produces a second flow froma second pressurized gas flow. The second air flow amplifier receivesthe second pressurized gas flow to produce the second low pressureregion. The addition of multiple air flow amplifiers increases thesuction capabilities of the suction device. In some embodiments, thesecond air flow amplifier may be coupled to the first air flowamplifier. In some embodiments, the second air flow amplifier may beconfigured to compensate for flow and/or pressure (suction) lossesattributable to the flow resistance of the filter. For example, thesecond air flow amplifier may compensate for a portion (e.g., ¼, ½,etc.) or all of the flow resistance of the filter. In another example,the second air flow amplifier may generated suction that exceeds (e.g.,1.25×, 1.5×) the flow resistance of the filter.

In some embodiments, the suction device or attachment may include abackflow preventer. This backflow preventer (e.g., check valve, one-wayvalve, etc.) can be configured to prevent a flow of pressurized gas fromexiting via the suction port. A flow of pressurized gas could exit viathe suction port in the event of an obstruction, occlusion, or otherblockage of the flow passing via the output port if the backflowpreventer is omitted or not activated. An obstruction may occur in thesuction device itself, an ancillary pipe, line, or tubing thatconfigured to contain and carry away the materials suctioned-up by thesuction device or attachment.

In some embodiments, the suction device or attachment includes an alert.The alert may be activated in response to the backflow preventerbecoming activated. In some embodiments, the backflow preventerredirects a pressurized gas flow to a diversion port. In someembodiments, in response to the redirection of the gas flow to adiversion port, the alert is activated. The alert may be audible. Thealert may be visual (e.g., an indicator that changes color, shape, etc.)The alert may be mechanical (e.g., a vibration.). In some embodiments,the alert comprises a whistle that makes an audible noise when air ispassed through it.

In some embodiments, a method for removing surgical by products includesreceiving a pressurized gas flow by a suction assembly that includes afirst air flow amplifier. The pressurized gas flow is provided to thefirst air flow amplifier. The first air flow amplifier produces a lowpressure region that pulls a suction flow into the suction assembly. Thesuction flow can include surgical byproducts. The suction flow passesfrom outside the suction assembly into the suction port, through the airflow amplifier, and exits the suction assembly via a positive pressureoutput (or exhaust) port.

The suction device may weigh less than about 10 kilograms (kg), 5 kg,4.5 kg, 4 kg, 3.5 kg, 3 kg, 2.5 kg, 2 kg, 1.5 kg, 1 kg, or less. Thedevice may weigh less than about 2 kg. The device may weigh betweenabout 0.5 kg and about 2 kg.

The suction device may have a largest outer diameter of less than about100 centimeters (cm), 75 cm, 50 cm, 45 cm, 40 cm, 35 cm, 30 cm, 25 cm,20 cm, 15 cm, 14.5 cm, 14 cm, 13.5 cm, 13 cm, 12.5 cm, 12 cm, 11.5 cm,11 cm, 10.5 cm, 10 cm, 5.5 cm, 5 cm, or less. A largest outer diametermay be less than about 15 cm. A largest outer diameter may be less thanabout 12 cm. A largest outer diameter may be less than about 11.5 cm. Alargest outer diameter may be between about 5 cm and about 13 cm. Alargest outer diameter may be between about 50 cm and 40 cm. A largestouter diameter may be between about 100 cm to about 50 cm.

The suction device may have a largest outer length of about 200 cm, 150cm, 100 cm, 75 cm, 60 cm, 55 cm, 50 cm, 45 cm, 44 cm, 43 cm, 42 cm, 41cm, 40 cm, 39 cm, 38 cm, 37 cm, 36 cm, 35 cm, 34 cm, 33 cm, 32 cm, 31cm, 30 cm, 29 cm, 28 cm, 27 cm, 26 cm, 25 cm, 20 cm or less. The devicemay have a largest outer length of less than about 45 cm. The device mayhave a largest outer length of less than about 40 cm. The device mayhave a largest outer length of about 39 cm. The device may have alargest outer length of between about 40 cm and about 20 cm. The devicemay have a largest outer length of between about 200 cm and about 50 cm.

The suction device may have a largest outer width of about 50 cm, 45 cm,40 cm, 35 cm, 30 cm, 25 cm, 24 cm, 23 cm, 22 cm, 21 cm, 20 cm, 19 cm, 18cm, 17 cm, 16 cm, 15 cm, 14 cm, 13 cm, 12 cm, 11 cm, 10 cm, 9 cm, 8 cm,7 cm, 6 cm, 5 cm, or less. The device may have a largest outer width ofless than about 20 cm. The device may have a largest outer width of lessthan about 19 cm. The device may have a largest outer width of betweenabout 20 cm and about 15 cm. The device may have a largest outer widthof between about 50 cm and about 20 cm.

In some embodiments, a suction device comprises a hollow housing. Insome embodiments, the hollow housing may comprise one or more metals,one or more polymers, one or more plastics, one or more ceramics, or oneor more composites or any combination thereof. The device may compriseone or more FDA-approved materials. The device may comprise one or morematerials with good machining properties or machinability. The devicemay comprise one or more materials with a low coefficient of friction,such as less than 0.25, less than 0.2, less than 0.15, less than 0.1, orless. The device may comprise one or more materials with a high tensilestrength such as greater than 6,000 pounds per square inch (psi),greater than 7,000 psi, greater than 8,000 psi, greater than 9,000 psior greater.

The device may comprise one or more polymers. The device may compriseone or more copolymers. The device may compriseacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). The device may comprise apolyacetal. For example, the device may comprise a polyacetal offormaldehyde, such as acetal (polyoxymethylene). The device may compriseone or more plastics. The device may comprise a polymer that comprisessiloxane, such as silicone oil, silicone rubber, silicone resin, orsilicone caulk, or any combination thereof. For example, one or morevalves of a device may comprise silicone. The device may comprisepolystyrene, polyethylene, sintered glass, borosilicate glass, glassfibers, nylon, polyamide (PA), polyethersufone (PES),polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), surfactant-free cellulose acetate(SFCA), regenerated cellulose (RC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) orany combination thereof. In some embodiments, the device may compriseone or more materials for sound deadening such as sound dampening (i.e.prevent vibrations), sound absorbing (i.e. absorbing the noise), soundattenuation (i.e. reduced sound energy), or any combination thereof. Thedevice may comprise a geometry that aids in sound dampening, soundabsorption, sound attenuation, or any combination thereof. The devicemay comprise a laminate layer, surface micro-architecture, orcombination thereof to aid in sound dampening, sound absorption, soundattenuation, or any combination thereof. The device may comprise ananechoic tile, fiber glass batting, a polyurethane foam, a porous foam(such as a rubber foam), a melamine foam (such asformaldehyde-melamine-sodium bisulfite copolymer), hair felt, a resonantabsorber, a Helmholtz resonator, or any combination thereof. The devicemay comprise acoustic decoupling alone or in combination with one ormore materials for sound dampening.

In some embodiments, a suction device housing comprises one or morehollow segments. In some embodiments, a suction device housing maycomprise one or more hollow segments positioned essentially in line withone another. In some embodiments, one or more segments of a device maybe positioned in multiple different orientations including as a stack orother similar conformation, for example, four hollow segments may bearranged in two stacks of two hollow segments. In some embodiments, oneor more hollow segments are configured to communicate such that the oneor more hollow segments are continuous. In some embodiments, one or morehollow segments are fluidly continuous such that, for example, a flow ofsuction may travel from one hollow segment to another. In someembodiments, one or more hollow segments are configured to communicatesuch that, for example, a flow of a suctioned gas, liquid, solid, or anycombination thereof may travel from one hollow segment to another. Insome embodiments, a hollow segment of the housing may further compriseother components including ports. For example, in some embodiments, afirst hollow segment of a suction device housing comprises an inletport, which may further comprises an external coupler or connector forcoupling with, for example, suction tubing. In some embodiments, a firsthollow segment of a device housing comprises an alarm port whichcomprises an alarm configured to sound when the device is notfunctioning properly due to, for example, a blockage. In someembodiments, one or more hollow segments comprise one or more holesconfigured and positioned to facilitate communication with one or moreother hollow segments. In some embodiments, a first hollow segment ispositioned in line with a second hollow segment, the first hollowsegment comprises a first hole that is continuous with the interior ofthe first hollow segment, the second hollow segment comprises a secondhole that is continuous with the interior of the second hollow segment,and the first hole is positioned so that it faces and is aligned oressentially aligned with the second hole. In some embodiments, one ormore hollow segments may be tubular in shape. In some embodiments, oneor more hollow segments may be in the shape of any polygon including,for example, cuboidal or spherical in shape. In some embodiments, a holein a hollow segment may be round. In some embodiments, a hole in ahollow segment may comprise any shape including, for example, an oval, asquare, a rectangle, or a triangle. In some embodiments, a housingfurther comprises one or more airflow amplifier mechanisms. A firstsegment, second segment, third segment, or any additional segment of thedevice may comprise, for example, a cylindrical shape, a square shape, arectangular shape, a hexagonal shape, a triangular shape, a spiralshape, a trapezoidal shape, an elliptical shape, or any combinationthereof. A portion of a hollow segment may comprise a cylindrical shape,a square shape, a rectangular shape, a hexagonal shape, a triangularshape, a spiral shape, a trapezoidal shape, an elliptical shape, or anycombination thereof. A hollow segment may comprise more than one shape.A first hollow segment, second hollow segment, third hollow segment, orany additional segment of the device may comprise a geometry that aidsin sound deadening or dampening. For example, a portion of an inner wallof the housing may comprise a surface microarchitecture to aid in sounddeadening. A portion of an inner wall of the housing may comprise alaminate layer comprising a material with sound absorptive properties ora laminate layer comprising a surface microarchitecture to aid in sounddeadening or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a portion ofthe inner wall may comprise sound baffles. In some embodiments, portionof the inner wall may comprise a labyrinth geometry, a hexagonalgeometry, convex-shaped geometry, honeycomb geometry, or any combinationthereof.

In some embodiments, a suction device comprises an airflow amplifiermechanism. In some embodiments, an airflow amplifier mechanism is acomponent of one or more of the hollow segments. In some embodiments, anairflow amplifier is not part of a hollow segment. In some embodiments,a first hole in a first hollow segment is continuous with a second holein a second hollow segment. In some embodiments, a first hole in a firsthollow segment is in fluid continuity with a second hole in a secondhollow segment and the first hollow segment and the second hollowsegment are physically separated by a gap space. In some embodiments, afirst hollow segment and a second hollow segment are in fluid continuitybut separated by a gap space, and the first hole of the first segmentdoes not cover the entire surface of the first hollow segment so thatthere is an area of solid surface on the outside of the first hollowsegment that at least partially surrounds the first hole. Likewise, insome embodiments, a first hollow segment and a second hollow segment arein fluid continuity but separated by a gap space, and the second hole ofthe second segment does not cover the entire surface of the secondhollow segment so that there is an area of solid surface on the outsideof the second hollow segment that at least partially surrounds thesecond hole. In some embodiments, the gap space between the outersurface surrounding the first hole and the outer surface surrounding thesecond hole of the second hollow forms a conduit. In this embodiment,the conduit comprises a first wall comprising the outer surfacesurrounding the first hole, a second wall comprising the outer surfacesurrounding the second hole on of the second hollow, and a gap spacebetween the two walls. In some embodiments, the conduit is part of anair flow amplifier mechanism that is configured to passively generatesuction within the housing that may be further transmitted outside ofthe housing.

In some embodiments, an airflow amplifier is at least partiallycontained within a suction device housing. In some embodiments, anairflow amplifier comprises a mechanism for generating an area of lowpressure within the housing relative to ambient pressure that thengenerates a suction force. In some embodiments, an airflow amplifiercauses a jet stream of a pressurized gas to travel essentially entirelyalong one or more inner surfaces of a hollow segment of the devicehousing. When the airflow amplifier causes a jet stream of a pressurizedgas to travel essentially entirely along one or more inner surfaces of ahollow segment of the device housing, a low pressure area is createdwithin the interior of the hollow segment of the device. In someembodiments, when the low pressure area is created it generates asuction force directed essentially in the same direction as the jetstream. In some embodiments, a suction force generated by the jet streamcreates suction at an inlet port in the housing. In some embodiments,the airflow amplifier comprises a mechanism for directing a pressurizedgas flow stream. In some embodiments, an airflow amplifier comprises aconduit in continuity with a pressurized gas flow port, wherein theconduit is configured to receive a pressurized gas from the pressurizedgas flow port. In some embodiments, the conduit is positioned between afirst hollow segment and a second hollow segment within the housing, andsaid conduit is configured to be fluidly continuous with the a hole inthe second hollow segment. In some embodiments, the conduit comprises afirst wall comprising the outer surface surrounding the first hole, asecond wall comprising the outer surface surrounding the second hole onof the second hollow, and a gap space between the two walls. In someembodiments, the gap space may comprise an annular shape. Innon-limiting exemplary embodiments, the gap space may comprise any shapeincluding a cuboidal shape, a rectangular shape, and a triangular shape.In some embodiments, the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism and thesecond hole are positioned relative to each other so that a pressurizedgas flow travels from the conduit into second hole. In some embodiments,the conduit and the second hole are positioned relative to each other sothat a pressurized gas flow travels through the conduit and into thesecond hollow space. In some embodiments, the conduit and the secondhole are positioned relative to each other such that a pressurized gasflow travels through the conduit and then into the second hollow space,wherein the pressurized gas forms a jet flow that travels essentiallyentirely along one or more inner surfaces of the second hollow segmentcreating an area of low pressure adjacent to the jet stream inaccordance with the Coanda effect. In this embodiment, the generated lowpressure region within the second hollow segment draws a flow of higherpressure air into the second hollow segment from the first hollowsegment and the environment outside of the suction device whichcomprises a suction flow or suction force. In this embodiment, thesuction flow or force is transmitted through the second hollow segment,through the gap space (between the first hole and the second hole),through the first hollow segment, and through an inlet port. In someembodiments, the first hollow space includes an inlet or suction portthrough which suction generated by the air flow amplifier mechanism andthe second hollow segment is transmitted outside of the device. In someembodiments, the device may be configured to provide a suction forcethat suctions gasses, liquids, solids, or any combination thereofincluding, for example, vapors. This suction force may pull or push a) aportion of matter, b) a portion of pressurized gas, or c) a combinationthereof through the device. This suction force may pull or push aportion of matter, a portion of pressurized gas, or combination thereofthrough one or more filters. The pushing or pulling may depend on theplacement of the conduit relative to the location of the suction flow ormatter or pressurized gas.

In some embodiments, the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism ispositioned at an angle between about 0 degrees and 90 degrees relativeto the second hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments, theconduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned at an angle betweenabout 90 degrees and 180 degrees relative to the second hole of the airamplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit of the air amplifiermechanism is positioned at about a 180 degree angle relative to thesecond hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit ofthe air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 175 degree anglerelative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments,the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 170degree angle relative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In someembodiments, the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned atabout a 165 degree angle relative to the second hole of the airamplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit of the air amplifiermechanism is positioned at about a 160 degree angle relative to thesecond hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit ofthe air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 155 degree anglerelative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments,the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 150degree angle relative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In someembodiments, the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned atabout a 145 degree angle relative to the second hole of the airamplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit of the air amplifiermechanism is positioned at about a 140 degree angle relative to thesecond hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit ofthe air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 135 degree anglerelative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments,the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 130degree angle relative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In someembodiments, the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned atabout a 125 degree angle relative to the second hole of the airamplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit of the air amplifiermechanism is positioned at about a 120 degree angle relative to thesecond hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit ofthe air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 115 degree anglerelative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments,the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 110degree angle relative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In someembodiments, the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned atabout a 105 degree angle relative to the second hole of the airamplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit of the air amplifiermechanism is positioned at about a 100 degree angle relative to thesecond hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit ofthe air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 95 degree anglerelative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments,the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 90degree angle relative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In someembodiments, the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned atabout a 85 degree angle relative to the second hole of the airamplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit of the air amplifiermechanism is positioned at about a 80 degree angle relative to thesecond hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit ofthe air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 75 degree anglerelative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments,the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 70degree angle relative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In someembodiments, the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned atabout a 65 degree angle relative to the second hole of the airamplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit of the air amplifiermechanism is positioned at about a 60 degree angle relative to thesecond hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit ofthe air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 55 degree anglerelative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments,the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 50degree angle relative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In someembodiments, the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned atabout a 45 degree angle relative to the second hole of the airamplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit of the air amplifiermechanism is positioned at about a 40 degree angle relative to thesecond hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit ofthe air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 35 degree anglerelative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments,the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 30degree angle relative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In someembodiments, the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned atabout a 25 degree angle relative to the second hole of the airamplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit of the air amplifiermechanism is positioned at about a 20 degree angle relative to thesecond hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments, the conduit ofthe air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 15 degree anglerelative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In some embodiments,the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned at about a 10degree angle relative to the second hole of the air amplifier. In someembodiments, the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism is positioned atabout a 5 degree angle relative to the second hole of the air amplifier.In some embodiments, the conduit of the air amplifier mechanism ispositioned at about a 0 degree angle relative to the second hole of theair amplifier.

A beveled end of one segment with an angle between about 0° and 90° canbe placed adjacent to a flared end of second segment with an anglebetween about 90° and about 180° such that the gap space between the twoforms a conduit. The beveled end of one segment and the flared end ofthe second segment may be substantially parallel to one another toenhance laminar flow within the conduit. The angle of the beveled end ofa first segment may match the angle of the flared end of a secondsegment. The angle of the beveled end of a first segment may be similarto the angle of the flared end of a second segment. For example, thebeveled end of the first segment may be about 90° and the flared end ofthe second segment may be about 90°. The beveled end of the firstsegment may be about 55° and the flared end of the second segment may beabout 125°. The beveled end of the first segment may be about 35° andthe flared end of the second segment may be about 145°. The flared endmay comprise a smooth or rounded edge to enhance or permit laminar flowthrough the conduit.

A conduit may also be formed by placing a beveled end of one segmentwith an angle between 0° and 90° adjacent to a second segment with abeveled end angled at between about 90° and about 180°. For example, thebeveled end of the first segment may be about 90° and the beveled end ofthe second segment may be about 90°. The beveled end of the firstsegment may be about 55° and the beveled end of the second segment maybe about 125°. The beveled end of the first segment may be about 35° andthe beveled end of the second segment may be about 145°.

A beveled end may be beveled at about a 90 degree)(° angle or lessrelative to a central axis. A beveled end may be beveled at 90°, 85°,80°, 75°, 70°, 65°, 60°, 55°, 50°, 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°,10°, 5° or less. A beveled end may be beveled at about 55° relative to acentral axis. A beveled end may be beveled at about 35° relative to acentral axis. A beveled end may be beveled at between about 55° to about35° relative to a central axis. A beveled end may be beveled at betweenabout 60° to about 20° relative to a central axis.

A beveled end may be beveled at about a 90 degree)(° angle or morerelative to a central axis. A beveled end may be beveled at 90°, 95°,100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, 150°, 155°,160°, 165°, 170°, 175°, or about 180°. A beveled end may be beveled atabout 125° relative to a central axis. A beveled end may be beveled atabout 145° relative to a central axis. A beveled end may be beveled atbetween about 125° to about 145° relative to a central axis. A beveledend may be beveled at between about 120° to about 160° relative to acentral axis.

A flared end may be flared at about a 90 degree)(° angle or morerelative to a central axis. A flared end may be flared at about 90°,95°, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, 150°,155°, 160°, 165°, 170°, 175°, or about 180°. A flared end may be flaredat about 125° relative to a central axis. A flared end may be flared atabout 145° relative to a central axis. A flared end may be flared atbetween about 125° to about 145° relative to a central axis. A flaredend may be flared at between about 120° to about 160° relative to acentral axis.

A flared end may create an angle relative to a central axis that may beless than about 90 degree. A flared end may create an angle relative toa central axis that may be about 90°, 85°, 80°, 75°, 70°, 65°, 60°, 55°,50°, 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°, 10°, 5° or less. A flared endmay create an angle relative to a central axis that may be about 55°. Aflared end may create an angle relative to a central axis that may beabout 35°. A flared end may create an angle relative to a central axisthat may be between about 55° to about 35°. A flared end may create anangle relative to a central axis that may be between about 60° to about20°.

A bevel may begin at one end of a segment and continue to an oppositeend of the segment. A bevel may comprise a portion of the length of thesegment. For example, the portion of the length of the segment that isbeveled may be less than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%,15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% or less. The portion of thelength that is beveled may be less than about 25%. The portion of thelength that is beveled may be less than about 15%. The portion of lengththat is beveled may be less than about 10%. The portion of length thatis beveled may be less than about 5%. The portion of length that isbeveled may be less than about 1%.

A flare may begin at one end of a segment and continue to an oppositeend of the segment. A flare may comprise a portion of the length of thesegment. For example, the portion of the length of the segment that isflared may be less than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%,15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% or less. The portion of thelength that is flared may be less than about 25%. The portion of thelength that is flared may be less than about 15%. The portion of lengththat is flared may be less than about 10%. The portion of length that isflared may be less than about 5%. The portion of length that is flaredmay be less than about 1%.

The angle of one or more beveled ends, one or more flared ends, or anycombination thereof may be adjustable. A user may, for example, mayadjust one or more angles. The angle may be adjusted automatically, forexample, from a remote location. The angle may be adjusted according toa feedback mechanism such as the suction capacity at the inlet port. Theuser may mechanically rotate a tuner arm to adjust the angle.

One or both ends of a segment can be flared, beveled, angled, sloped, orgraded. For example, a segment can have a first end and a second end,one of which or both of which can be beveled. A segment can have a firstend and a second end, one of which or both of which can be flared. Asegment can have a first beveled end and a second flared end. One ormore segments can be placed adjacent to one another in series, forexample, having a flared end placed adjacent to a beveled end or havinga beveled end placed adjacent to a different beveled end. A segmenthaving two flared ends can be placed in series with two additionalsegments, by placing a beveled end of each additional segment adjacentto one of the two flared ends of the segment.

In some embodiments, the pressurized gas port (such as a positivepressure intake) that provides the pressurized gas may be locatedadjacent to any point along the outside of the housing. In someembodiments, the pressurized gas port may be located at a point distalto the air amplifier along the housing (wherein the proximal end of thedevice comprises the end having the inlet port). In some embodiments,the pressurized gas port may be located at a point proximal to the airamplifier (wherein the proximal end of the device comprises the endhaving the inlet port. In some embodiments the gas port may be locatedadjacent to an inlet port (such as a nozzle). In some embodiments, thegas port may be located adjacent to an outlet port (such as apressurized waste port). In some embodiments, the gas port may belocated at any point along the length of a conduit.

In some embodiments, one or more components of an air amplifiermechanism are adjustable. A user may, for example, adjust the width ofthe gap space of the conduit of the air amplifier by, for example movingone or more of the first hollow segment and second hollow segmentrelative to each other (i.e. thus moving the walls of the conduitrelative to each other). In some embodiments, the width of the gap spaceof the conduit may be adjusted automatically, for example, from a remotelocation. The width of the gap space of the conduit may be adjustedaccording to a feedback mechanism such as the amount of matter at theinlet port or the liquid suction capacity at the inlet port. The usermay mechanically rotate a tuner arm to adjust the width of the gap spaceof the conduit. The tuner arm may be operatively coupled to a groovesuch as, for example a helical groove that may create a linear movementto adjust the width of the gap space of the conduit.

Reducing the width of the gap space of the conduit may increase theliquid suction capacity. Increasing the width of the gap space of theconduit may reduce the liquid suction capacity. Gas suction capacity mayremain constant over the tuner arm adjustment range or over the range ofadjustable widths for the one or more gap spaces of the conduits. Avolumetric ratio of gas suction to liquid suction at the inlet port(such as a nozzle) may be adjustable over the range of widths for thegap space of the conduit or over the range of tuner arm adjustments. Thetuner arm may comprise a continuous rotation or may comprise discretegroves that correspond to specific widths of the gap space of theconduit.

The length of the conduit may be less than about 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%,20%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% orless than the length of the first segment or the second segment. Thelength of the conduit may be less than about 10% the length of the firstor second segment. The length of the conduit may be less than about 20%the length of the first or second segment. The length of the conduit maybe between about 1% and about 10% the length of the first or secondsegment. The length of the conduit may be between about 1% and about 5%the length of the first or second segment. The length of the conduit maybe between about 1% and about 15% the length of the first or secondsegment. The length of the conduit may be between about 1% and about 20%the length of the first or second segment.

In some embodiments, the width of the gap space of the conduit may beless than about 10 centimeters (cm), 9.5 cm, 9 cm, 8.5 cm, 8 cm, 7.5 cm,7 cm, 6.5 cm, 6 cm, 5.5 cm, 5 cm, 4.5 cm, 4 cm, 3.5 cm, 3 cm, 2.5 cm, 2cm, 1.5 cm, 1 cm, or less. The width of the gap space of the conduit maybe less than about 50 millimeters (mm), 45 mm, 40 mm, 35 mm, 30 mm, 25mm, 20 mm, 15 mm, 10 mm, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm, 6 mm, 5 mm, 4 mm, 3 mm, 2 mm,1 mm, 0.5 mm, or less. The width of the gap space of the conduit may beless that about 5 mm. The width of the gap space of the conduit may beless that about 4 mm. The width of the gap space of the conduit may beless that about 3 mm. The width of the gap space of the conduit may beless that about 2 mm. The width of the gap space of the conduit may beless than about 1 cm. The width of the gap space of the conduit may beadjustable between 0 mm and about 2 mm.

The device may exert a liquid suction capacity at an inlet port of about40 pounds per square inch (psi), 35 psi, 30 psi, 29 psi, 28 psi, 27 psi,26 psi, 25 psi, 24 psi, 23 psi, 22 psi, 21 psi, 20 psi, 19 psi, 18 psi,17 psi, 16 psi, 15 psi, 14 psi, 13 psi, 12 psi, 11 psi, 10 psi, or about5 psi. The liquid suction capacity may be about 25 psi. The liquidsuction capacity may be about 20 psi. The liquid suction capacity may beabout 15 psi. The liquid suction capacity may be about 10 psi. Theliquid suction capacity may be between about 25 psi and about 10 psi.

The liquid suction capacity of the device may be adjustable. The liquidsuction capacity may be adjustable between about 25 psi and about 10psi. The liquid suction capacity may be adjustable between about 40 psiand about 5 psi. The liquid suction capacity may be adjustable betweenabout 30 psi and about 10 psi. The liquid suction capacity may beadjustable between about 25 psi and about 5 psi. The liquid suctioncapacity may be manually adjusted by a user, for example, by adjustingthe gap space of the conduit, or the user may specify a liquid suctioncapacity that can be programmed into the device, for example, at aremote location.

Adjusting the gap space may be independent of gas suction capacity butmay change the liquid suction capacity at the inlet port. The device maybe able to maintain a constant gas suction capacity over a large rangeof adjustable liquid suction capacities. The device may be able tomaintain a constant gas suction capacity over a range of adjustableliquid suctions capacities from about 10 pounds per square inch (psi) toabout 25 psi. The device may be able to maintain a constant gas suctioncapacity over a range of adjustable liquid suctions capacities fromabout 5 psi to about 40 psi. The device may be able to maintain aconstant gas suction capacity over a range of adjustable liquid suctionscapacities from about 10 psi to about 30 psi. The device may be able tomaintain a constant gas suction capacity over a range of adjustableliquid suctions capacities from about 5 psi to about 25 psi.

A volumetric flow rate at an inlet port may be about 4 cubic feet perminute (cfm), 4.5 cfm, 5 cfm, 5.5 cfm, 6 cfm, 6.5 cfm, 7 cfm, 7.5 cfm, 8cfm, 8.5 cfm, 9 cfm, 9.5 cfm, 10 cfm, 10.5 cfm, 11 cfm, 11.5 cfm, 12cfm, 12.5 cfm, 13 cfm, 13.5 cfm, 14 cfm, 14.5 cfm, 15 cfm, 15.5 cfm, 16cfm, 17 cfm, 18 cfm, 19 cfm, or 20 cfm. A volumetric flow rate may bebetween about 4 cfm and about 6 cfm. A volumetric flow rate may bebetween about 12 cfm and about 15 cfm.

A liquid suction rate at an inlet port may be about 100 cubiccentimeters per sec (cc/sec), 95 cc/sec, 90 cc/sec, 85 cc/sec, 80cc/sec, 75 cc/sec, 70 cc/sec, 65 cc/sec, 60 cc/sec, 55 cc/sec, 50cc/sec, 45 cc/sec, 40 cc/sec, 35 cc/sec, 30 cc/sec, 25 cc/sec, 20cc/sec, 15 cc/sec, 10 cc/sec, or about 5 cc/sec. The liquid suction ratemay be between about 60 cc/sec and about 5 cc/sec. The liquid suctionrate may be at least about 30 cc/sec. The liquid suction rate may be atleast 25 cc/sec.

The liquid suction rate may be adjustable. The liquid suction rate maybe adjustable between about 60 cc/sec and about 5 cc/sec. The liquidsuction rate may be adjustable between about 60 cc/sec and about 30cc/sec. The liquid suction rate may be adjustable between about 100cc/sec and about 30 cc/sec. The liquid suction rate may be manuallyadjusted by a user, for example, by adjusting the gap space of theconduit, or the user may specify a liquid suction rate that can beprogrammed into the device, for example, at a remote location.

An inner diameter of the inlet port may be adjustable. A user may adjustthe inner diameter of the inlet port, for example, by rotating a thirdtuner arm on the device. The inner diameter of the inlet port may beadjusted automatically based on the volume of matter entering the inletport. The inner diameter may be adjustable between about 5 millimeters(mm) and about 10 centimeters (cm). The inner diameter may be adjustablebetween about 5 mm and about 50 mm. The inner diameter may be adjustablebetween about 25 mm and about 100 mm. The inner diameter may beadjustable between about 0.5 cm and 5 cm. The inner diameter may beadjustable between about 0.5 cm and about 10 cm. The inner diameter maybe manually adjusted by a user, for example, by adjusting a third tunerarm, or the user may specify an inlet port inner diameter that can beprogrammed into the device, for example, at a remote location.

The suction device described herein provides a suction while generatinga minimal or no associated sound. Operation of the suction devicedescribed herein may generate one or more sounds. The one or more soundsmay be equivalent to a background noise, such as about 43 decibels (dB).The one or more sounds may be less than 6 dB louder than a backgroundnoise. The one or more sounds may be less than 4 dB louder than abackground noise. The one or more sounds may be less than about 40 dB,35 dB, 30 dB, 29 dB, 28 dB, 27 dB, 26 dB, 25 dB, 24 dB, 23 dB, 22 dB, 21dB, 20 dB, 19 dB, 18 dB, 17 dB, 16 dB, 15 dB, 14 dB, 13 dB, 12 dB, 11dB, 10 dB, 5 dB or less. The one or more sounds may be less than about40 dB. The one or more sounds may be less than about 30 dB. The one ormore sounds may be less than about 20 dB. The one or more sounds may bebetween about 10 dB and about 30 dB. The one or more sounds may bebetween about 15 dB and about 35 dB.

One or more embodiments comprising a backflow alert or alarm may emitone or more sounds. The one or more sounds emitted from the backflowalert may be audible. The one or more sounds emitted from the backflowalert may be about 100 dB, 95 dB, 90 dB, 85 dB, 80 dB, 75 dB, 70 dB, 65dB, 60 dB, 55 dB, 50 dB, or 45 dB. The one or more sounds emitted fromthe backflow alert may be about 80 dB. The one or more sounds emittedfrom the backflow alert may be about 70 dB. The one or more soundsemitted from the backflow alert may be about 60 dB. The one or moresounds emitted from the backflow alert may be about 50 dB. The one ormore sounds emitted from the backflow alert may be between about 45 dBand about 60 dB. The one or more sounds emitted from the backflow alertmay be between about 45 dB and about 75 dB.

One or more filters may be included in the device. For example, two,three, four, five or more filters may be included in the device. The oneor more filters may be positioned before the gap space of the conduit,after the gap space of the conduit, or a combination thereof. The one ormore filters may be positioned at the inlet port (such as at a nozzle),at the outlet port (such as a pressurized waste port), within thehousing, or any combination thereof. The one or more filters may collectmatter, such as solid matter. The one or more filters may collectbacterial particles, viral particles, solid surgical waste, or anycombination thereof. The one or more filters may collect solid matterbased on a pore size of the one or more filters. The pore size of afilter may be less than 100 micrometers (um), 70 um, 20 um, 10 um, 5 um,2 um, 1 um, 0.7 um, 0.5 um, 0.4 um, 0.3 um, 0.2 um, 0.1 um, 0.02 um,0.01 um or less. The pore size may be about 100 um or less. The poresize may be about 70 um or less. The pore size may be about 0.5 um orless. The pore size may be about 0.2 um or less. The one or more filtersmay be positioned in series.

The device may be used for collection, such as collection of a fluidsample, a cell sample, or a tissue sample. For example, the device maybe used for collection of a tissue sample, such as collection of polypsduring a colonoscopy. The device may be used for collection of a tumorbiopsy sample. The device may be used for collection of a fluid sample,such as collection of a blood sample during a surgery.

One or more filters may be included in the device to collect the sample.One or more filter may be included in the device to sort a suction flowso that one or more samples may be collected from the suction flow. Oneor more filters may collect a tissue sample and permit filtration orremoval of excess gas or liquid that may also be suctioned duringcollection. One or more filters may collect a cell sample and permitfiltration or removal of excess gas or liquid that may also be suctionedduring collection. One or more filters may collect a tissue sample and acell sample into separate areas of the device and permit filtration orremoval of excess gas or liquid that may also be suctioned duringcollection. One or more filters may separate the collection materials(i.e. tissues, cells, particles), using different pore size filters. Oneor more filters may separate the collection materials, such as a cellsample, using positive selection or negative selection based on one ormore cell surface markers. In some embodiments, the device may includefluidic pathways of a particular geometry to sort the suction flow andcollect samples of particular interest.

One or more gases or liquids or tissues, such as excess gas or liquid ortissue, may exit the device. Excess gas or liquid or tissue may becollected into collection units for further use, such as collectingexcess blood for further analysis of a condition of the subject or forfurther research use. Excess gas or liquid or solid may be recycled forfurther use, such as collecting excess blood that may be recycled foruse in a subject. The device may also comprise collection units forstoring the collection materials, such as storing a tissue sample aftercollection. Collection units of the device may be separate from thedevice, such as a separate unit that can be attached to the deviceduring use, or may be formed in the device. Collection units may bereusable.

In some embodiments, the device may be, for example, used to providesuction during a surgical procedure. In some embodiments, the device maybe configured to suction, for example, smoke, blood, or surgical debrisincluding, for example, stool, pus, irrigation, or bone fragments. Insome embodiments, the suction device provides sufficient suction toentirely or. In some embodiments, one or more filters either locatedwithin the device or positioned in series to the device may separate forexample gasses, liquids, and solids suctioned from a surgical field. Forexample, a first filter may be positioned immediately before the inletport of the device to filter solids and a second filter may bepositioned within the device to filter liquids and smaller particlesfrom a suctioned gas.

Surgical byproducts can include one or more of liquids (e.g., blood,saliva), smoke, tissue, and/or noxious chemicals. The suction flow maybe passed through a filter before exiting the suction assembly. Thesuction flow may be passed through a second air amplifier (e.g., afterthe filter.).

The suction flow may pass through a backflow preventer (e.g., one-wayvalve) to prevent the pressurized gas flow from exiting the suctionassembly via the suction port (e.g., in the event of a blockage). A usermay be alerted to an obstruction in the suction assembly. Thepressurized gas may be diverted to activate an alert. The pressurizedgas flow may be directed out of a diversion port of the suction assemblywhen the backflow preventer is activated thereby preventing thepressurized gas flow from exiting the suction assembly via the suctionport.

In some embodiments, a suction assembly includes a low pressure port toreceive surgical byproducts in a flow entering a low pressure port. Thesuction assembly also includes a positive pressure exit port to send thesurgical byproducts out of the suction assembly for collection. Apositive pressure gas port receives a pressurized gas flow. A first airamplifier creates a flow from the low pressure port to the positivepressure port. This flow propels surgical byproducts entrained in thesuction flow from the suction port to the exit port.

In some embodiments, the suction assembly can include one or morevalves. The one or more valves can be a one-way valve. The one or morevalves can be a shuttle valve, a pressure relief valve, a backflowprevention valve, a check valve, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, a spring can be a source of energy used to seal oneor more valves, such as shuttle valves. The spring may provide a forceof between about 0 pounds (lbs) and about 30 lbs. The spring may providea force of between about 2 lbs and about 4 lbs. The spring may provide aforce of at least about 2.5 lbs. The spring may provide a force of atleast about 2 lbs. The spring may provide a force of at least about 1.5lbs. The spring may provide a force of at least about 1 lbs. The springmay provide a force of at least about 0.5 lbs. The spring may provide aforce of between about 0.5 lbs and 1 lbs. The spring may provide a forceof between about 0.5 lbs and about 0.8 lbs.

In some embodiments, the suction assembly can also include a backflowprevention valve. The backflow prevention valve blocks the pressurizedgas flow from exiting via the low pressure port. In particular, thebackflow prevention valve stop pressurized gas from flowing out of thelow pressure port when an obstruction blocks the flow between thebackflow valve and the exit port. The backflow prevention valve may alsodivert the pressurized gas flow out a diversion port of the suctionassembly.

In some embodiments, an air amplifier device comprises a structuredefining a generally cylindrical cavity having a first opening at afirst end and a second opening at a second end. The cylindrical cavityis defined by an inner wall of the cavity. The structure has a gapspace, such as an annular opening, in the inner wall near the first endthat defines a jet opening. This jet opening is adapted to allow apressurized gas to flow out of the annular opening such that a lowpressure region is produced at the first end and an amplified flow isproduced at the second end. Annular opening is configured such that thepressurized gas enters the cavity at an angle (e.g. 0°-90°) with respectto the inner wall of the cavity that is towards the second end. In someembodiments, a more acute angle (e.g., 30°-50°) may be desirable. Thecavity is configured such that it is flared to a larger diameter wherethe annular opening communicates with the cavity.

In some embodiments, a dimension of the gap space, such as an annularopening, is adjustable to control a pressure difference between ambientair and the low pressure region at the first end. A portion of thestructure may be rotatable to adjust the dimension of the annularopening to control the pressure difference. The annular opening may havea profile such that the pressurized gas entering the cavity attaches toa curved surface of the portion of the structure defining the annularopening, thereby creating the low pressure region which increases theoverall mass flow rate of the amplified flow.

The dimension of the annular opening can be adjustable to control aratio of gas suction to liquid suction provided by the air amplifier. Insome embodiments, the suction device includes a rotatable member toadjust a dimension of the annular opening to control the pressuredifference between ambient air and the low pressure region at the firstend. In some embodiments, the annular opening has a profile such thatthe pressurized gas entering the cavity attaches to a curved surface ofthe portion of the structure defining the annular opening, therebycreating the low pressure region which increases the overall mass flowrate of the amplified flow. The annular opening may have a profile suchthat the pressurized gas entering the cavity attaches to a portion ofthe structure defining the annular opening, thereby creating the lowpressure region and increasing the overall mass flow rate of theamplified flow.

In some embodiments, a device for creating suction comprises a housingdefining a cavity having a first opening at a first end and a secondopening at a second end. The device also has at least one opening in aninner surface of the housing that is adapted to allow a gas flow out ofthe at least one opening such that a low pressure region is produced atthe first end, and a combined flow is produced at the second end. Thiscombined flow comprises the gas flow and a suction flow that enters thefirst end as a result of the low pressure region. The device also has acontrol that manipulates the at least one opening to adjust an amount ofpressure difference between the low pressure region and an ambientpressure.

In some embodiments, the at least one opening is configured to use theCoanda effect. In some embodiments, the at least one opening isconfigured to use the Venturi effect. The device may also have ablockage detector that stops the gas flow out of the at least oneopening when the combined flow is obstructed.

In some embodiments, a medical suction device comprises a positivepressure input port to receive a flow of pressurized gas. The devicealso includes an input port to provide a low pressure region thatentrains and receives matter into the suction device. The device alsoincludes a positive pressure output port to output the flow ofpressurized gas and a flow of matter received into the suction devicevia the input port. The device also has a check valve in communicationwith the input port to prevent at least the flow of pressurized gas fromexiting via the suction port.

In some embodiments, the medical suction device also includes an alertto mechanically activate when the check valve is preventing flow fromexiting via the suction port. The activation of the check valve can, insome embodiments, divert at least a portion of the flow of pressurizedgas to activate the alert. This diverted portion of pressurized gas maycreate an audible alert. For example, the diverted portion may be passedthrough a whistle thereby creating an audible sound. The alert can be avisible indicator. The diverted portion of pressurized gas may move amember that makes an indicator visible to an operator of the medicalsuction device. The alert may include a mechanical gauge or electronictransducer to measure pressure within the medical suction device. Thealert may be configured to activate in response to an internal pressureof the device reaching a threshold criteria. The alert may also notify auser of current internal pressure levels of the device and/or whetherone or more internal pressure levels are within (or outside of) thedesired operating range.

In some embodiments, a medical suction device comprises an internallumen from an intake port to an exhaust port. An air amplifier assemblyin fluid flow communication with the internal lumen. The air amplifierassembly is to receive a source of compressed air whereby the compressedair is directed by the air amplifier assembly to create a low pressureregion at the input port and a flow out of the exhaust port. The medicalsuction device also includes a backflow prevention valve in the internallumen between the input port and the air amplifier assembly.

In some embodiments, the medical suction device also includes an alertthat mechanically activates when the backflow prevention valve ispreventing a flow from exiting via the suction port. The activation ofthe backflow prevention valve to prevent flow from exiting via the inputport can also divert at least a portion of a flow of the compressed airto activate the alert. The alert can be an audible sound created by theportion of the flow of compressed air. For example, the portion of theflow of compressed air can be passed through a whistle thereby creatingthe audible sound. The alert could be a visible indicator. The divertedportion of the flow of compressed air can move a member that makes thevisible indicator visible to an operator of the medical suction device.

In some embodiments, the medical suction device can include a blockageclearing control that, in combination with backflow prevention valve,pressurizes at least a portion of the lumen in order to clear ablockage. For example, when the blockage clearing control is activated,the blockage can be forced out of the exhaust port by the compressedair.

In some embodiments, a method of operating a medical suction deviceincludes receiving a pressurized gas flow. The method also includesusing the pressurized gas flow to create a low pressure region at aninput port to entrain and receive matter into the suction device. Themethod also includes exhausting, via an output port, the pressurized gasflow and a flow of matter received via the input port. The method alsoincludes activating a valve to prevent at least the pressurized gas flowfrom exiting via the input port in response to a blockage that reducesthe pressurized gas flow and the flow of matter exhausted via the outputport below a first threshold criteria.

In some embodiments, the method further includes activating an alert inresponse to a blockage that reduces the pressurized gas flow and thematter flow exhausted via the output port below a second thresholdcriteria. In some embodiments, the first threshold criteria and thesecond threshold criteria are met by the same reduction in flow of thepressurized gas flow and the matter flow exhausted via the output port.The alert may be coupled to the valve to activate the alert when thevalve is activated.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating suction system 100. In FIG. 1,suction system 100 comprises vacuum generator 110. Vacuum generator 110includes vacuum generator 110, input port 111, suction port 112, andexhaust port 113. Vacuum generator 110 is configured to receive positivepressure gas supply 121 from input port 111. Vacuum generator 110 isconfigured to generate low pressure region 122 from positive pressuregas supply 121 near suction port 112. Low pressure region 122 has apressure below an ambient air pressure. The ambient air pressureovercomes the pressure in low pressure region 122 thereby creatingsuction within suction device 100. Low pressure region 122 pulls matter(e.g., liquids, gasses, and solids) into vacuum generator 110 viasuction port 112. The matter pulled into vacuum generator 110 ispropelled by vacuum generator 110 out of exhaust port 113. Exhaust port113 outputs an effluent of the collected matter and the gasses receivedvia input port 111. This effluent may be output to a tube, pipe, etc.for collection, separation, and/or disposal.

It should be understood that the terms ‘positive pressure’ and lowpressure′ are relative terms. These terms should be understood to berelative to the ambient air/gas pressure in the vicinity of vacuumgenerator 110. For example, positive pressure gas supply 121 may be aflow of compressed air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or some other gaseouspressure source. In this case, positive pressure gas supply 121 ispressured above the ambient air surrounding vacuum generator 110.Likewise, low pressure region 122 may be a region where the air pressurein the vicinity of suction port 112 is less than the ambient air. Thislow pressure region causes air in the vicinity of suction port 112 toflow into suction port 112—possibly entraining matter.

In some embodiments, vacuum generator 110 utilizes a fluid flowamplifier (a.k.a., flow multiplier) to generate low pressure region 122from positive pressure gas supply 121. In another embodiment, vacuumgenerator 110 utilizes a mechanical pump or fan powered by positivepressure gas supply 121 to create low pressure region 122.

In some embodiments, vacuum generator 110 may be configured for handheldoperation. In this configuration, vacuum generator 110 would be sizedand shaped to be held by one or more hands while being operated. Thus,rather than being a permanently mounted (or portable, but large) suctionpump, vacuum generator 110 can be a relatively small device thatoperates to suction matter into suction port 112, and propel matter outof exhaust port 113. It should be understood that while vacuum generator110 may be configured for handheld operation, it may also be used withalternative procedures (e.g., laparoscopy, robotic, etc.).

It should be understood that by receiving positive pressure gas supply121, and producing positive pressure effluent 123, tubes and/or pipesconnected to input port 111 and exhaust port 113 can be thin walled andcollapsible. The tubes and/or pipes connected to input port 111 andexhaust port 113 can be collapsible since the positive pressure ofpositive pressure gas supply 121 and positive pressure effluent 123 will‘push open’ or ‘inflate’ the collapsible tubing. Thus, lighter weightand/or less expensive tubing can be used with vacuum generator 110 thanis used with ‘negative pressure’ systems that rely on a supplied vacuumline or vacuum source (such as a vacuum pump and/or plumbed wall ports).

Input port 111 is disposed within a wall of suction device 100. Inputport 111 is configured to receive positive pressure gas supply 121.Input port is coupled to vacuum generator 110. Input port 1110 isconfigured to direct positive pressure gas supply 121 to vacuumgenerator 110. Vacuum generator 110 is configured to receive positivepressure gas supply 121. In some embodiments, input port 111 isconfigured to direct positive pressure gas supply 121 at an angle inrelation to an interior wall of vacuum generator 110.

Suction port 112 is disposed at the distal end of suction device 100.Suction port 112 is configured to receive a flow of matter via lowpressure region 122. Suction port 112 is configured to couple to thedistal end of vacuum generator 110. Suction port 112 is configured todirect a flow of matter into vacuum generator 110. Vacuum generator 110is configured to receive a flow of matter from suction port 112.

Exhaust port 113 is disposed towards the proximal end of suction device100. Exhaust port 113 is coupled to vacuum generator 110. Exhaust port113 is configured to receive a combined flow of positive pressure gassupply 121 and a flow of matter received at suction port 112 from vacuumgenerator. Exhaust port 113 is configured to expel at least the combinedflow out of suction device 100. In some embodiments, exhaust port 113may include fittings to attaching tubing configured to receive positivepressure effluent 123.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a method of operating a suctionsystem. The steps illustrated in FIG. 2 may be performed by one or moreelements of suction system 100. A pressurized gas flow is received at aninput port (202). For example, input port 111 is configured to receivepositive pressure gas supply 121 and supply it to vacuum generator 110.Vacuum generator 110 is an example of an air flow amplifier. A lowpressure region is produced near a suction port (204). For example,vacuum generator 110 is configured to produce a low pressure region nearsuction port 112 from positive pressure gas supply 121. A flow of matteris pulled into the suction device (206). For example, low pressureregion 122 is less than an ambient air pressure. This causes a flow ofmatter to enter suction port 112. Suction port 112 is configured toreceive this flow of matter. A combined flow that includes thepressurized gas flow and the flow of matter is ejected out of an exhaustport (208). For example, suction assembly 100 is configured to pass acombined flow (which can include positive pressure gas supply 121 andthe flow of matter received at suction port 112) through vacuumgenerator 110 and out of exhaust port 113 as positive pressure effluent123.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating suction system with backflowprevention 300. Suction system with backflow prevention 300 includesvacuum generator 310, includes input port 311, suction port 312, exhaustport 313 and backflow preventer 316. Suction system 300 is an example ofsuction system 100; however, suction system with backflow prevention 300includes backflow preventer 316.

Vacuum generator 310 receives positive pressure gas supply 321 via inputport 311 to generate low pressure region 322 at suction port 312. Lowpressure region 322 entrains and receives matter into suction systemwith backflow prevention 300. Suction port 312 is configured to entrainand receive surgical byproducts (e.g., smoke, tissue, gasses, liquids,noxious chemicals, etc.) entering vacuum generator 310. In typicaloperation, the surgical byproducts pulled into vacuum generator 310 arepropelled by vacuum generator 310 out of exhaust port 313 as positivepressure effluent 323. Exhaust port 313 outputs positive pressureeffluent 323 comprising surgical byproducts entrained with positivepressure gas supply 321. Positive pressure effluent 323 may be output toa tube, pipe, etc. for collection, separation, and/or disposal.

Exhaust port 313 (or a tube connected to carry away positive pressureeffluent 323), however, may become clogged or obstructed. When thishappens, the obstruction can prevent all or a substantial portion ofpositive pressure effluent 323 from flowing out of exhaust port 313.Without backflow preventer 316, when positive pressure effluent 323cannot flow out of exhaust port 313, positive pressure effluent 323 mayinstead be ejected out of suction port 312. The ejection of positivepressure effluent 323 (and of positive pressure gas supply 321, inparticular) out of suction port 312 is undesirable and can cause damageor other problems to items in the vicinity of suction port 312 (e.g., apatient). However, backflow preventer 316 is configured to at least stopthe flow of positive pressure effluent 323 from exiting via suction port312.

Backflow preventer 316 can stop the operation of vacuum generator 310 bycutting off the supply of positive pressure gas supply 321 to one ormore components of vacuum generator 310 that cause low pressure region322 to be created. Backflow preventer 316 can stop the operation ofvacuum generator 310 by preventing any ‘reverse’ flow of matter fromexiting via suction port 312. For example, backflow preventer 316 may beplaced in line with suction port 312. Backflow preventer 316 canactivate when matter starts to flow in a manner that the flow would exitsuction port 312. Backflow preventer 316 may be configured such that,once activated, it will stay activated thereby preventing any flow outof suction port 312 until positive pressure gas supply 321 is removed(i.e., turned off), or the blockage is cleared. Backflow preventer 316may also divert positive pressure gas supply 321 to flow out of adiversion port when activated such that positive pressure gas supply 321and positive pressure effluent 323 can flow out of vacuum generator 310.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating suction system with backflowalert 400. Suction system with backflow alert 400 is an example ofsuction system 100 and suction system 300; however, suction system withbackflow alert 300 includes backflow alert 417. Suction system withbackflow alert 400 comprises vacuum generator 410, positive pressureinput port 411, suction port 412, exhaust port 413, a low pressureregion 422, a positive pressure effluent 423, and backflow alert 417.

Backflow alert 417 is configured to alert a user of suction system 400to the existence of a blockage. Once alerted to a blockage, the user cando one or more of: (1) discontinue use of vacuum generator 410; (2)clear the blockage thereby restoring normal operation; and (3) terminatethe supply of positive pressure gas supply 421 thereby shutting offvacuum generator 410.

Backflow alert 417 can generate an audible alert (e.g., a whistle orother alarm type noise), a visible alert (e.g., a flag or other visibleindicator), a tactile alert (e.g., vibration) or some other type ofalert to notify the user to the existence of a blockage. Backflow alert417 may use mechanical or electrical means to generate an alert. Toprovide examples of some mechanical means that may be used to generatean alert, backflow alert 417 may use air pressure to generate an audiblealert using a whistle type apparatus, a visible alert by physicallymoving a flag or other visible indicator, or a tactile alert byphysically moving a piece of mass. Similarly, various electroniccomponents including transducers, mass airflow sensors and the like maybe used by backflow alert 417 to detect backflow and signal circuitry toactivate backflow alert 417.

In some embodiments, backflow alert 417 may include one or more amechanical gauges or electronic transducers to measure pressure withinvacuum generator 410. Backflow alert 417 may be configured to active inresponse to internal pressure within vacuum device 410 reaching athreshold criteria. Backflow alert 417 may also notify a user of thecurrent internal pressure levels of vacuum generator 410 and/or whetherthe internal pressure levels are within the desired operating range. Thevarious types of alerts described herein may be used individually or incombination. Likewise, backflow alert 417 may use both mechanical andelectrical means to detect backflow individually or in combination.

In some examples, vacuum generator 410 may have a check valve, forexample backflow preventer 310, in communication with input port 411 toprevent at least the flow of positive pressure gas supply 421 fromexiting suction port 412. Backflow alert 417 may be configured toactivate when the check valve is preventing positive pressure gas supply421 from exiting suction port 412. Activation of the check valve toprevent positive pressure gas supply 421 from exiting suction port 412may divert at least a portion of positive pressure gas supply 421 toactivate backflow alert 417. Backflow alert 417 may generate an audiblesound using a portion of positive pressure gas supply 421. For example,backflow alert 417 may direct a portion of positive pressure gas supplythrough a whistle thereby creating an audible sound. Alternatively,backflow alert 417 may use a visible indicator to notify the use to theexistence of a blockage. Backflow alert 417 may divert a portion ofpositive pressure gas supply 421 to move a member that makes a visibleindicator visible to an operator of suction system with backflow alert400.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating suction system with safetyfeatures 500. Suction system with safety features 500 can be an exampleof suction system 100, suction system with backflow prevention 300, andsuction system with backflow alert 400; however, suction system withsafety features 500 may have alternative configurations and methods ofoperation. Suction system with safety features 500 comprises vacuumgenerator 510, positive pressure input port 511, suction port 512,exhaust port 513, backflow preventer 516 and backflow alert 517.Backflow preventer 516 is operatively coupled to backflow alert 517.

Backflow preventer 516 can stop the operation of vacuum generator 510 bycutting off the supply of positive pressure gas supply 521 to one ormore components of vacuum generator 510 that cause low pressure region522 to be created. Backflow preventer 516 can stop the operation ofvacuum generator 510 by preventing any ‘reverse’ flow of matter fromexiting via suction port 512. Backflow preventer 516 can activate whenmatter starts to flow in a manner that the flow would exit suction port512. Backflow preventer 516 may be configured such that, once activated,it will stay activated thereby preventing any flow out of suction port512 until positive pressure gas supply 521 is removed (i.e., turnedoff), or the blockage is cleared.

Backflow preventer 516 may be operatively coupled to backflow alert 517in order to activate backflow alert 517 in response to the activation ofbackflow preventer 516. In this manner, in response to a blockage,vacuum generator 510 both stops (i.e., prevents) the reverse flow ofeffluent out of suction port 512 as well as alerts the user to theblockage.

Backflow alter 517 is operatively coupled to backflow preventer 516.Backflow alert 517 is configured to alert a user of vacuum generator 510to the existence of a blockage. Once alerted to a blockage, the user cando one or more of: (1) discontinue use of vacuum generator 510; (2)clear the blockage thereby restoring normal operation; and (3) terminatethe supply of positive pressure gas supply 521 thereby shutting offvacuum generator 510.

Backflow alert 517 can generate an audible alert (e.g., a whistle orother alarm type noise), a visible alert (e.g., a flag or other visibleindicator), a tactile alert (e.g., vibration) or some other type ofalert to notify the user to the existence of a blockage. Backflow alert517 may use mechanical or electrical means to generate an alert. Toprovide examples of some mechanical means that may be used to generatean alert, backflow alert 517 may use air pressure to generate an audiblealert using a whistle type apparatus, a visible alert by physicallymoving a flag or other visible indicator, or a tactile alert byphysically moving a piece of mass. Similarly, various electroniccomponents including transducers, mass airflow sensors and the like maybe used by backflow alert 517 to detect backflow and signal circuitry toactivate backflow alert 517. The various types of alerts describedherein may be used individually or in combination. Likewise, backflowalert 517 may use both mechanical and electrical means to detectbackflow individually or in combination.

In some embodiments, backflow alert 517 may include one or more amechanical gauges or electronic transducers to measure pressure withinvacuum generator 510. Backflow alert 517 may be configured to active inresponse to internal pressure within vacuum device 510 reaching athreshold criteria, such as an increase in the internal pressure,indicating a possible obstruction. Backflow alert 517 may also notify auser of the current internal pressure levels of vacuum generator 510and/or whether the internal pressure levels are within the desiredoperating range. The various types of alerts described herein may beused individually or in combination. Likewise, backflow alert 517 mayuse both mechanical and electrical means to detect backflow individuallyor in combination.

Vacuum generator 510 includes backflow preventer 516 in communicationwith input port 511 to prevent at least the flow of positive pressuregas supply 521 from exiting suction port 512. Backflow alert 517 may beconfigured to activate when backflow preventer 516 is preventingpositive pressure gas supply 521 from exiting suction port 512.Activation of backflow preventer 516, to prevent positive pressure gassupply 521 and positive pressure effluent 523 from exiting suction port512, may divert at least a portion of positive pressure gas supply 521to activate backflow alert 517. Backflow alert 517 may generate anaudible sound using a portion of positive pressure gas supply 521. Forexample, backflow alert 517 may direct a portion of positive pressuregas supply through a whistle thereby creating an audible sound.Alternatively, backflow alert 517 may use a visible indicator to notifythe use to the existence of a blockage. Backflow alert 517 may divert aportion of positive pressure gas supply 521 to move a member that makesa visible indicator visible to an operator of suction system withbackflow alert 500.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a method of operating a suctionsystem with safety features. The steps illustrated in FIG. 6 may beperformed by one or more elements of suction system 500. A pressurizedgas flow is received at an input port (602). For example, input port 511is configured to receive positive pressure gas supply 521 and supply itto vacuum generator 510. Vacuum generator 510 is an example of an airflow amplifier. A low pressure region is produced near a suction port(604). For example, vacuum generator 510 is configured to produce lowpressure region 522 near suction port 512 by directing positive pressuregas supply 521 through vacuum generator 510. A flow of matter is pulledinto the suction system (606). For example, low pressure region 522 isless than an ambient air pressure. This causes a flow of matter to entersuction port 512. Suction port 512 is configured to receive this flow ofmatter. A combined flow that includes the pressurized gas flow and theflow of matter received at the suction port is ejected out of an exhaustport (608). For example, suction system with safety features 500 isconfigured to eject a combined flow (which can include positive pressuregas supply 521 and the flow of matter received at suction port 512) outof exhaust port 513 as positive pressure effluent 523. At least thepressurized gas flow is blocked from exiting at the suction port (610).For example, backflow preventer 516 is configured prevent at leastpositive pressure gas supply 521 from exiting suction port 512. Backflowpreventer 516 may be activated when a portion of suction system withsafety features 500 becomes obstructed by a blockage. The flow ofpressurized gas is diverted to activate an alarm and out one or morediversion ports (612). For example, backflow preventer 516 is configuredto divert positive pressure gas supply 521 to activate alert 517 and outone or more diversion ports.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating suction system with blockageclearing control 700. Suction system with blockage clearing control 700is an example of suction system 100, suction system with backflowprevention 300, suction system with backflow alert 400, and suctionsystem with safety features 500; however, suction system with blockageclearing control 700 includes blockage clearing control 708. Suctionsystem with blockage clearing control 700 includes backflow clearingcontrol 708, vacuum generator 710, input port 711, suction port 712,exhaust port 713, a low pressure region 722, and backflow preventer 716.

Blockage clearing control 708 is configured to increase pressure withinvacuum generator 710 received from positive pressure gas supply 721responsive to a user input. In operation, pressure within vacuumgenerator 710 received from positive pressure gas supply 721 isincreased when blockage clearing control 708 is activated. This increasein pressure within vacuum generator 710 may force a blockage out ofexhaust port 713. The blockage may be carried away as positive pressureeffluent 723. In some embodiments, vacuum generator 710 may include oneor more diversion ports configured to divert positive pressure gassupply 721 from exiting suction port 712 in the event that suctionsystem with blockage clearing controls 700 becomes obstructed. In someembodiments, blockage clearing control 708 may be configured to blockthe one or more diversion ports allowing pressure to increase withinvacuum generator 710. In some embodiments, blockage clearing control 708may work in conjunction with backflow preventer 716 to increasepressure. In such embodiments, backflow preventer 716 may be configuredto block positive pressure gas supply 721 from exiting suction port 712and blockage clearing control 708 may simultaneously block one or morediversion ports to cause an increase in pressure within vacuum generator710.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating suction system with safetyfeatures and blockage clearing control 800. Suction system with safetyfeatures and blockage clearing control 800 is an example of suctionsystem 100, suction system with backflow prevention 300, suction systemwith backflow alert 400, suction system with safety features 500 andsuction system with backflow clearing control 700; however, suctionsystem with safety features and blockage clearing control 800 mayinclude alternative configurations and methods of operation. In FIG. 8,suction system with safety features and blockage clearing control 800includes backflow clearing control 808, vacuum generator 810, input port811, suction port 812, exhaust port 813, backflow preventer 816,backflow alert 817 and canister 860.

Backflow clearing control 808 is configured to eject an obstruction or ablockage from vacuum generator 810 out exhaust port 813. Backflowclearing control 808 is configured to increase pressure supplied frompositive pressure gas supply 821 within vacuum generator 810. Thisincrease in pressure may force an obstruction or blockage out exhaustport 813. In some embodiments, backflow clearing control 808 may work inconjunction with backflow preventer 816. In such an example, backflowpreventer 816 may block positive pressure gas supply 821 from exiting atsuction port 812 and divert positive pressure gas supply 821 out one ormore diversion ports. Blockage clearing control may be configured toblock the one or more diversion ports allowing pressure from positivepressure gas supply 821 to increase within vacuum generator 810.

Vacuum generator 810 is configured to receive positive pressure gassupply 821 from input port 811. Vacuum generator 810 is configured togenerate low pressure region 822 near suction port 812 from positivepressure gas supply 821. In some embodiments, input port 811 isconfigured to supply positive pressure gas supply to vacuum generator810 at an angle in relation to an interior wall of vacuum generator 810.Vacuum generator 810 may be configured to take advantage of the Coandaeffect to generate low pressure region 822.

Input port 811 is configured to receive positive pressure gas supply 821and supply it to vacuum generator 810. In some embodiments, input port811 may be configured to supply positive pressure gas supply 821 tovacuum generator 810 at an angle in relation to an interior wall ofvacuum generator 810. Tubing may be used to supply positive pressure gassupply 821 to input port 811. In some embodiments, input port 811 mayinclude fittings for coupling tubing to input port 811. Some types offittings that may be used include: barbed, quick-disconnect, orcompression fittings.

Suction port 812 is disposed towards the distal end of vacuum generator810. Suction port 812 is configured to receive a flow of matter andsupply it to vacuum generator 810. In operation, low pressure region 822pulls a flow of matter into suction port 812. Suction port 812 suppliesthe flow of matter to vacuum generator 810. In some embodiment, suctionport 812 may include openings radially arrayed in the wall of suctionport 812. The openings provide additional suction near suction port 812.The openings may be configured to take advantage of the Venturi effect.The openings may be configured to open and close in response to userinput.

Exhaust port 813 is configured to direct a positive pressure effluentfrom vacuum generator 810 to a collection source. Canister 860 is anexample of a collection source. In some embodiments, exhaust port 813may include fittings for coupling to tubing. Some types of fittings thatmay be used include barbed, quick-disconnect, or compression fittings.Tubing may be used to couple exhaust port 813 to canister 860.

Backflow preventer 816 can stop the operation of vacuum generator 810 bycutting off the supply of positive pressure gas supply 821 to one ormore components of vacuum generator 810 that cause low pressure region822 to be created. Backflow preventer 816 can stop the operation ofvacuum generator 810 by preventing any ‘reverse’ flow of matter fromexiting via suction port 812. For example, backflow preventer 816 may beplaced in line with suction port 812. Backflow preventer 816 canactivate when matter starts to flow in a manner that the flow would exitsuction port 812. Backflow preventer 816 may be configured such that,once activated, it will stay activated thereby preventing any flow outof suction port 812 until positive pressure gas supply 821 is removed(i.e., turned off), or the blockage is cleared. Backflow preventer 816may be operatively coupled to backflow alert 817 in order to activatebackflow alert 817 in response to the activation of backflow preventer816. In this manner, in response to a blockage, vacuum generator 810both stops (i.e., prevents) the reverse flow of effluent out of suctionport 812 as well as alerts the user to the blockage.

Backflow alert 817 is configured to alert a user of vacuum generator 810to the existence of a blockage. Once alerted to a blockage, the user cando one or more of: (1) discontinue use of vacuum generator 810; (2)clear the blockage thereby restoring normal operation; and (3) terminatethe supply of positive pressure gas supply 821 thereby shutting offvacuum generator 810. In operation, backflow alert 817 may be configuredto activate when backflow preventer 816 is preventing positive pressuregas supply 821 from exiting suction port 812. Backflow alert 817 may beconfigured to active in response to internal pressure within vacuumdevice 810 reaching a threshold criteria. One example of a thresholdcriteria includes a pre-determined pressure level within vacuumgenerator 810 that may be indicative of an obstruction. Backflow alert817 can generate an audible alert (e.g., a whistle or other alarm typenoise), a visible alert (e.g., a flag or other visible indicator), atactile alert (e.g., vibration) or some other type of alert to notifythe user to the existence of a blockage. Backflow alert 817 may usemechanical or electrical means to generate an alert. Backflow alert 817may generate an audible sound using a portion of positive pressure gassupply 821. For example, backflow alert 817 may direct a portion ofpositive pressure gas supply through a whistle thereby creating anaudible sound. Alternatively, backflow alert 817 may use a visibleindicator to notify the use to the existence of a blockage. Backflowalert 817 may divert a portion of positive pressure gas supply 821 tomove a member that makes a visible indicator visible to an operator.Similarly, various electronic components including transducers, massairflow sensors and the like may be used by backflow alert 817 to detectbackflow and signal circuitry to activate backflow alert 817. Backflowalert 817 may use one or a combination of alerts described herein tonotify the user of vacuum generator 810 to the existence of a blockage.

Canister 860 is configured to receive waste output from exhaust port 813for collection, separation, and/or disposal. In some embodiments,canister 860 may be coupled to an output to a tube, pipe, etc. forcollection, separation, and/or disposal. In some embodiments, canister860 may be a suction canister connected to a vacuum source. Canister 860may contain a filter. Canister 860 may be manufactured from plastic,glass, metal or some other material having desirable properties. Somedesirable properties may include: cost, ability to be sterilized,manufacturing method, application or some other metric.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a method of operating a suctionsystem with safety features and blockage clearing control. The stepsillustrated in FIG. 9 may be performed by one or more elements ofsuction system with safety features and blockage clearing control 800. Apressurized gas supply is received at an input port (902). For example,input port 811 is configured to receive positive pressure gas supply 821and supply it to vacuum generator 810. Vacuum generator 810 is anexample of an air flow amplifier. A low pressure region is produced neara suction port (904). For example, vacuum generator 810 is configured toproduce a low pressure region near suction port 812 by directingpositive pressure gas supply 821 through vacuum generator 810. A flow ofmatter is pulled into the suction system (906). For example, lowpressure region 822 is less than an ambient air pressure. This causes aflow of matter to enter suction port 812. Suction port 812 is configuredto receive a flow of matter into suction system with safety features andblockage clearing control 800. A combined flow that includes thepressurized gas supply and the flow of matter is ejected out of anexhaust port (908). For example, suction assembly with safety featuresand blockage clearing control 800 is configured to exhaust a combinedflow (which includes positive pressure gas supply 821 and the flow ofmatter received at suction port 812) out of exhaust port 813. At leastthe pressurized gas flow is blocked from exiting at the suction port(910). For example, backflow preventer 816 is configured to activatewhen a portion of suction system with safety features and blockageclearing control 800 becomes obstructed. Backflow preventer 816 isconfigured to prevent at least positive pressure gas supply 821 fromexiting via suction port 812. The flow of pressurized gas is diverted toactivate an alarm and out of one or more diversion ports (912). Forexample, backflow preventer 516 is configured to divert at least aportion of pressurized gas supply 521 to activate alert 517 and theremaining our of a diversion port. The pressure within the suctionsystem is increased until an obstruction is ejected out of the exhaustport (914). For example, blockage clearing control 808 is configured toincrease pressure from positive pressure gas supply 821 until a blockageis ejected out of exhaust port 813. The combined flow is collected(916). For example, canister 860 is coupled to exhaust port 813. Exhaustport 813 is configured to direct the combined flow into canister 860.Canister 860 is configured to collect at least the combined flow.

FIG. 10A is a block diagram illustrating filtering suction system 1000.Filtering suction system 1000 is an example of suction system 100,suction system with backflow prevention 300, suction system withbackflow alert 400, suction system with safety features 500, suctionsystem with backflow clearing control 700 and suction system with safetyfeatures and blockage clearing control 800; however, filtering suctionsystem 1000 includes filter 1030. As illustrated in FIG. 10A, filteringsuction system 1000 includes vacuum generator 1010, input port 1011,suction port 1012, exhaust ports 1013 and filter 1030.

Vacuum generator 1010 is configured to receive positive pressure gas1021 to generate low pressure region 1022 at suction port 1012. Lowpressure region 1022 entrains and receives matter into filtering suctionsystem 1000. Matter can include surgical byproducts (e.g., smoke,tissue, gasses, liquids, noxious chemicals, etc.). In typical operation,the surgical byproducts pulled into vacuum generator 1010 are propelledby vacuum generator 1010 out of exhaust ports 1013 through filter 1030.

Filter 1030 is configured to trap matter included in a combined flow(which can include positive pressure gas 1021 and surgical byproducts).Various embodiments of filter 1030 may trap different types of matterusing different operations. Filter 1030 includes one or more filterinlet ports (exhaust ports 1013 are integral to filter inlet ports inthis example) and one or more filter output ports 1033. The one or morefilter inlet ports are configured to receive a combined flow from vacuumgenerator 1010. Filter 1030 traps matter contained in the combined flowand passes a filtrate to filter outlet ports 1030. Filter 1030 may becontained inside filtering suction system 1000 configured for hand-heldoperation. Alternatively, filter 1030 may also be located some distancefrom the hand-held portion of vacuum generator 1010. Surgical byproductsand positive pressure gas 1021 may be output to a tube, pipe, etc. fortransport to filter 1030.

Filter 1030 may comprise mechanical, biological, chemical or other typesof filters including any combination thereof. Mechanical filtration mayinclude physical barrier or filter media type filters, vortex filters orcyclonic type filters or a combination thereof.

Filters using a physical barrier or filter media retain particles byphysically blocking particulates from passing through the filter media.Filter media mechanically or physically strains solids from the effluentpassing through it. Filter media is available in a variety of materialsand porosities, which may be selected to limit the size of theparticulate they can extract. The larger the pores in the filter media,the larger the particulate matter must be in order for the filter toextract it. Combinations of different materials and porosities of filtermedia may be used to separate specific elements comprising an effluentof the collected matter and the gasses received via suction port 1012out exhaust ports 1013 into filter 1030.

Vortex or cyclonic filters operate by cyclonic separation methods toremove particulates from an effluent without the need for a physicalbarrier or filter media. Rotational effects and gravity are used toseparate mixtures of solids and fluids. This method can also be used toseparate fine droplets of liquid from a gaseous stream.

Biological filtration uses living microorganisms, such as bacteria andfungi, to capture and biologically degrade pollutants, harmful chemicalsand other undesirable content from an effluent. Biological filtrationcan be used with gases and liquids. Biological filters comprise a filtermedia on which beneficial microorganisms grow. Biological filter mediacan be made from sand, plastic, metals, ceramics and other materials.Materials having a large surface area to volume ratio typically providethe best performance in biological filters.

Chemical filtration removes dissolved particulates from an effluent viaactivated carbons, resins, and other adsorbents. Chemical filtrationmedia causes unwanted dissolved matter to adhere to it. Two popularforms of chemical media include activated carbon and resins. Activatedcarbon has microscopic pores that allow certain organic or inorganicmaterials to stick to them. Carbon removes many harmful elements from aneffluent. Ion exchange resins work by attracting a specific molecule toadhere to them. Resins can be combined with carbon. The resins oftenstrengthen the filtering ability of the carbon. Protein foam skimming oroxidation with ozone may also be used for chemical filtration.

FIG. 10B is a block diagram illustrating the operation of filteringsuction system 1000. In operation, vacuum generator 1010 receivespositive pressure gas 1021 to generate a low pressure region at suctionport 1012 and positive pressure effluent at exhaust port 1013. Vacuumgenerator 1010 is an example of a flow multiplier. Suction port 1012pulls matter 1025 (e.g., fluids 1024 and solids 1026) into vacuumgenerator 1010 by the low pressure region. Matter 1025 pulled intovacuum generator 1010 is propelled by vacuum generator 1010 out ofexhaust ports 1013 through filter 1030. Filter 1030 removes solids 1050and passes filtrate 1027 to exit filter 1030 at filter outlet ports1033.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a method of operating afiltering suction system. The steps illustrated in FIG. 11 may beperformed by one or more elements of filtering suction system 1000. Apressurized gas flow is received at an input port (1102). For example,input port 1011 is configured to receive positive pressure gas 1021 andsupply it to vacuum generator 1010. Vacuum generator 1010 is an exampleof an air flow multiplier. A low pressure region is produced near asuction port (1104). For example, vacuum generator 1010 is configured toproduce low pressure region 1022 near suction port 1012 using positivepressure gas 1021. A flow of matter is pulled into the suction system(1106). For example, low pressure region 1022 is less than an ambientair pressure. This causes a flow of matter to enter suction port 1012.Suction port 1012 is configured to direct the flow of matter throughfiltering suction system 1000. A combined flow that includes thepressurized gas flow and the flow of matter received at the suction portis passed through a filter (1108). For example, vacuum generator 1010 isconfigured to pass a combined flow (which can include positive pressuregas 1021 and the flow of matter received at suction port 1012) throughfilter 1030. The solids included in the combined flow are trapped withina filter and the filtrate is passed through the filter for collection(1110). For example, filter 1030 is configured to trap solids 1050 andpass filtrate 1027 for collection.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating positive pressure operatedsuction device 1200. Positive pressure suction device 1200 is an exampleof suction system 100; however, positive pressure operated suctiondevice 1200 may have alternative configurations and methods ofoperation. As illustrated in FIG. 12, positive pressure operated suctiondevice 1200 includes suction device 1210, positive pressure inlet 1211,suction intake 1212, outlet port 1213 and fluid flow multiplier 1215.

Suction device 1210 is configured generate vacuum region 1222 nearsuction intake 1212 to pull matter into suction device 1210 and expelpressurized effluent out outlet port 1213. Matter may include solids,liquids, and gasses in combination and in variable ratios. In someembodiments, matter may include surgical byproducts. Suction device 1210is configured to generate vacuum region 1222 from positive pressuresupply 1221. In some embodiments, suction device 1210 may take advantageof the Coanda effect to generate vacuum region 1222 from positivepressure supply 1221.

Positive pressure inlet 1211 is configured to receive positive pressuresupply 1221 and supply it to fluid flow multiplier 1215. In someembodiments, positive pressure inlet 1211 is configured to supplypositive pressure supply 1221 to fluid flow multiplier 1215 at an anglein relation to an interior wall of fluid flow multiplier 1215. Tubingmay be used to supply positive pressure supply 1221 to positive pressureinlet 1211. In some embodiments, positive pressure inlet 1211 mayinclude fittings for coupling tubing to positive pressure inlet 1211.Some types of fittings that may be used include barbed,quick-disconnect, or compression fittings.

Suction intake 1212 is disposed towards the distal end of suction device1210. Suction intake 1212 is configured to receive a flow of matter andsupply it to suction device 1210. In operation, vacuum region 1222 pullsa flow of matter into suction intake 1212. Suction intake 1212 suppliesthe flow of matter to fluid flow multiplier 1215. In some embodiment,suction intake 1212 may include a plurality of openings radially arrayedin the wall of suction intake 1212. The openings provide additionalsuction near suction intake 1212. In some embodiments, the openings maybe configured to take advantage of the Venturi effect. In someembodiments, the openings may be configured to open and close inresponse to user input.

Outlet port 1213 is configured to direct pressurized effluent 1223 fromsuction device 1210 to a collection source. In some embodiments, outletport 1213 may include fittings for coupling to tubing. Some types offittings that may be used include barbed, quick-disconnect, orcompression fittings.

Fluid flow multiplier 1215 is configured to receive positive pressuresupply 1221 from positive pressure inlet 1211. In some embodiments,positive pressure inlet 1211 may supply positive pressure supply 1221 tofluid flow multiplier 1215 at an angle in relation to an interior wallof fluid flow multiplier 1215. Fluid flow multiplier 1215 is configuredto generate vacuum region 1222 from positive pressure supply 1221 nearsuction intake 1212. Vacuum region 1222 has a pressure below an ambientair pressure. The ambient air pressure overcomes the pressure in vacuumregion 1222 thereby creating suction within suction device 1210. Vacuumregion 1222 pulls matter (e.g., liquids, gasses, and solids) intosuction intake 1212. Suction intake 1212 is configured to supply thematter to suction device 1210. The matter pulled into suction device1210 is propelled by fluid flow multiplier 1215 out of outlet port 1213.Outlet port 1213 outputs pressurized effluent 1223 (which can includepositive pressure supply 1221 and matter collected at suction intake1212). Pressurized effluent 1223 may be output to a tube, pipe, etc. forcollection, separation, and/or disposal.

It should be understood that the terms ‘positive pressure’ and lowpressure′ are relative terms. These terms should be understood to berelative to the ambient air/gas pressure in the vicinity of suctiondevice 1210. For example, positive pressure supply 1221 may be a flow ofcompressed air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or some other gaseous pressuresource. In this case, positive pressure supply 1221 is pressured abovethe ambient air surrounding suction device 1210. Likewise, vacuum region1222 may be a region where the air pressure in the vicinity of suctionintake 1212 is less than the ambient air. Vacuum region 1222 causes airin the vicinity of suction intake 1212 to flow into suction intake1212—possibly entraining matter.

In some embodiments, suction device 1210 may be configured for handheldoperation. In this configuration, suction device 1210 would be sized andshaped to be held by one or more hands while being operated. Thus,rather than being a permanently mounted (or portable, but large) suctionpump, suction device 1210 can be a relatively small device that operatesto suction matter into suction intake 1212, and propel matter out ofoutlet port 1213. It should be understood that while suction device 1210may be configured for handheld operation, it may also be used withalternative procedures (e.g., laparoscopy, robotic, etc.).

It should be understood that by receiving positive pressure supply 1221,and producing pressurized effluent 1223, tubes and/or pipes connected topositive pressure inlet 1211 and outlet port 1213 can be thin walled andcollapsible. The tubes and/or pipes connected to positive pressure inlet1211 and outlet port 1213 can be collapsible since the positive pressureof positive pressure supply 1221 and pressurized effluent 1223 will‘push open’ or ‘inflate’ the collapsible tubing. Thus, lighter weightand/or less expensive tubing can be used with suction device 1210 thanis used with ‘negative pressure’ systems that rely on a supplied vacuumline or vacuum source (such as a vacuum pump and/or plumbed wall ports).

In some embodiments, fluid flow multiplier 1215 may comprise a structuredefining a generally cylindrical cavity having suction intake 1212 at afirst end and outlet port 1213 at a second end. The cylindrical cavityis defined by an inner wall of the cavity. Furthermore, the structuremay have an annular opening in the inner wall near suction intake 1212that defines a jet opening adapted to allow positive pressure supply1221 to flow out of the annular opening such that vacuum region 1222 isproduced at suction intake 1212 and a multiplied flow is produced atoutlet port 1213. The annular opening may be configured such thatpositive pressure supply 1221 enters the cavity at an angle with respecttowards the inner wall of the cavity near outlet port 1213, the cavitybeing flared to a larger diameter where the annular opening communicateswith the cavity. The annular opening is also configured such that thepressurized gas enters the cavity at an angle (e.g., 0°−90°) withrespect to the inner wall of the cavity that is towards the second end.In some embodiments, a more acute angle (e.g., 30°−50°) may bedesirable.

A dimension of the gap space, such as an annular opening, may beadjustable to control a pressure difference between ambient air andvacuum region 1222. The annular opening may be configured to include aprofile such that positive pressure supply 1221 entering the cavityattaches to a curved surface of the portion of the structure definingthe annular opening thereby creating vacuum region 1222, which increasesthe overall mass flow rate of the multiplied flow. In addition, fluidflow multiplier 1215 may include a structure that is rotatable to adjustthe dimension of the annular opening to control the pressure difference.Adjustment of the annular opening allows an operator or user to controla ratio of gas suction to liquid suction provided by fluid flowmultiplier 1215.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating positive pressure operatedsuction device with backflow prevention 1300. Positive pressure operatedsuction device with backflow prevention 1300 is an example of positivepressure operation suction device 1200; however, positive pressureoperated suction device with backflow prevention 1300 includes backflowprevention valve 1316. Positive pressure operated suction device withbackflow prevention 1300 includes suction device 1310, positive pressureinlet 1311, suction intake 1312, outlet port 1313, fluid flow multiplier1315 and backflow prevention valve 1316.

In operation, suction device 1310 receives positive pressure supply 1321at positive pressure inlet 1311 and directs positive pressure supply1321 to fluid flow multiplier 1315 thereby generating vacuum region 1322near suction intake 1312. Vacuum region 1322 has a pressure belowambient air pressure. The ambient air pressure overcomes the pressure invacuum region 1322 thereby creating suction within suction device 1310.Vacuum region 1322 pulls matter (e.g., liquids, gasses, and solids) intosuction device 1310 via suction intake 1312. In typical operation, thematter pulled into suction device 1310 is propelled by fluid flowmultiplier 1315 out outlet port 1313 for collection.

Outlet port 1313 (or a tube connected to carry away pressurized effluent1323), however, may become clogged or obstructed. When this happens, theobstruction can prevent all or a substantial portion of pressurizedeffluent 1323 from flowing out of outlet port 1313. Without backflowprevention valve 1316, when pressurized effluent 1323 cannot flow out ofoutlet port 1313, pressurized effluent 1323 may instead be ejected outof suction intake 1312. The ejection of pressurized effluent 1323 (andof positive pressure supply 1321, in particular) is undesirable and cancause damage or other problems to items in the vicinity of suctionintake 1312 (e.g., a patient). However, backflow prevention valve 1316is configured to at least stop the flow of positive pressure supply 1321from exiting via suction intake 1312.

Backflow prevention valve 1316 is configured to stop the operation ofsuction device 1310. Backflow prevention valve 1316 can stop theoperation of suction device 1310 by cutting off the supply of positivepressure supply 1321 to one or more components of suction device 1310that cause vacuum region 1322 to be created. Backflow prevention valve1316 can stop the operation of suction device 1310 by preventing any‘reverse’ flow of matter from exiting via suction intake 1312. Forexample, backflow prevention valve 1316 may be placed in line withsuction intake 1312. Backflow prevention valve 1316 can activate whenmatter starts to flow in a manner that the flow would exit suctionintake 1312. Backflow prevention valve 1316 may be configured such that,once activated, it will stay activated thereby preventing any flow outof suction intake 1312 until positive pressure supply 1321 is removed(i.e., turned off), or the blockage is cleared.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating positive pressure operatedsuction device with backflow alert 1400. Positive pressure operatedsuction device with backflow alert 1400 is an example of positivepressure operated suction device 1200; however, positive pressureoperated suction device with backflow alert 1400 includes alert 1417.Positive pressure operated suction device with backflow alert 1000includes suction device 1410, positive pressure inlet 1411, suctionintake 1412, outlet port 1413, fluid flow multiplier 1415 and alert1417.

In operation, suction device 1410 receives positive pressure supply 1421to generate vacuum region 1422 at suction intake 1412. Vacuum region1422 entrains and receives matter into positive pressure operatedsuction device with backflow alert 1400. Suction port 1412 is configuredto entrain and receive surgical byproducts (e.g., smoke, tissue, gasses,liquids, noxious chemicals, etc.) entering suction device 1410. Intypical operation, the surgical byproducts pulled into suction device1410 are propelled by fluid flow multiplier 1415 out of outlet port 1413as pressurized effluent 1423. Outlet port 1413 is configured to outputpressurized effluent 1423 comprising surgical byproducts entrained withpositive pressure supply 1421. Pressurized effluent 1423 may be outputto a tube, pipe, etc. for collection, separation, and/or disposal.

Outlet port 1413 (or a tube connected to carry away pressurized effluent1423), however, may become clogged or obstructed. When this happens, theobstruction can prevent all or a substantial portion of pressurizedeffluent 1423 from flowing out of outlet port 1413. When pressurizedeffluent 1423 cannot flow out of outlet port 1413, pressurized effluent1423 may instead be ejected out of suction intake 1412.

Alert 1417 is configured to notify an operator or user of suction device1410 to the existence of the blockage. Once alerted to a blockage, theuser can do one or more of: (1) discontinue use of suction device 1410;(2) clear the blockage thereby restoring normal operation; and (3)terminate the supply of positive pressure supply 1421 thereby shuttingoff suction device 1410.

Alert 1417 can generate an audible alert (e.g., a whistle or other alarmtype noise). Alert 1417 can generate a visible alert (e.g., a flag orother visible indicator). Alert 1417 can generate a tactile alert (e.g.,vibration) or some other type of alert to notify the user to theexistence of a blockage. Alert 1417 may use mechanical or electricalmeans to generate an alert. To provide examples of some mechanical meansthat may be used to generate an alert: Alert 1417 may use positivepressure supply 1421 to generate an audible alert using a whistle typeapparatus, a visible alert by physically moving a flag or other visibleindicator, or a tactile alert by physically moving a piece of mass.Similarly, various electronic components including transducers, massairflow sensors and the like may be used by alert 1417 to detect anobstruction or backflow and signal circuitry to activate alert 1417. Thevarious types of alerts described herein may be used individually or incombination.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating positive pressure operatedsuction device with safety features 1500. Positive pressure operatedsuction device with safety features 1100 is an example of positivepressure operated suction device 1200, positive pressure operatedsuction device with backflow prevention 1300 and positive pressureoperated suction device with backflow alert 1400; however, positivepressure operated suction device with safety features 1500 may includealternative configurations and methods of operation.

Positive pressure operated suction device with safety features 1500includes suction device 1510, positive pressure inlet 1511, suctionintake 1512, outlet port 1513, fluid flow multiplier 1515, backflowprevention valve 1516 and alert 1517.

In operation, suction device 1510 receives positive pressure supply 1521at positive pressure inlet 1511 and directs positive pressure supply1521 to fluid flow multiplier 1515 thereby generating vacuum region 1522near suction intake 1512. Vacuum region 1522 has a pressure belowambient air pressure. The ambient air pressure overcomes the pressure invacuum region 1522 thereby creating suction within suction device 1510.Vacuum region 1522 pulls matter (e.g., liquids, gasses, and solids) intosuction device 1510 via suction intake 1512. In typical operation, thematter pulled into suction device 1510 is propelled by fluid flowmultiplier 1515 out of outlet port 1513.

Fluid flow multiplier 1115 takes advantage of fluidic dynamic principalsincluding, but not limited to: the Coanda effect, the Venturi effect,fluidic entrainment and fluidic inducement to multiply an effluent flowthrough suction device 1510. Outlet port 1513 outputs pressurizedeffluent 1523 of the collected matter and the gasses received viasuction intake 1512. Pressurized effluent 1523 may be output to a tube,pipe, etc. for collection, separation, and/or disposal.

Outlet port 1513 (or a tube connected to carry away pressurized effluent1523), however, may become clogged or obstructed. When this happens, theobstruction can prevent all or a substantial portion of pressurizedeffluent 1523 from flowing out of outlet port 1513. When pressurizedeffluent 1523 cannot flow out of outlet port 1513, pressurized effluent1523 may instead be ejected out of suction intake 1512.

Backflow prevention valve 1516 can stop the operation of suction device1510 by cutting off the supply of positive pressure supply 1521 to oneor more components of suction device 1510 that cause vacuum region 1522to be created. Backflow prevention valve 1516 can stop the operation ofsuction device 1510 by preventing any ‘reverse’ flow of matter fromexiting via suction intake 1512. For example, backflow prevention valve1516 may be placed in line with suction intake 1512. Backflow preventionvalve 1516 can activate when matter starts to flow in a manner that theflow would exit suction intake 1512. Backflow prevention valve 1516 maybe configured such that, once activated, it will stay activated therebypreventing any flow out of suction intake 1512 until positive pressuresupply 1521 is removed (i.e., turned off), or the blockage is cleared.

Alert 1517 is configured to alert a user of suction device 1510 to theexistence of a blockage. Once alerted to a blockage, the user can do oneor more of: (1) discontinue use of suction device 1510; (2) clear theblockage thereby restoring normal operation; and (3) terminate thesupply of positive pressure supply 1521 thereby shutting off suctiondevice 1510.

Backflow prevention valve 1516 may be operatively coupled to alert 1517in order to activate alert 1517 in response to the activation ofbackflow prevention valve 1516. In this manner, in response to ablockage, suction device 1510 both stops (i.e., prevents) the reverseflow of pressurized effluent 1523 out of suction intake 1512 as well asalerts the user to the blockage.

Alert 1517 can generate an audible alert (e.g., a whistle or other alarmtype noise), a visible alert (e.g., a flag or other visible indicator),a tactile alert (e.g., vibration) or some other type of alert to notifythe user to the existence of a blockage. Alert 1517 may use mechanicalor electrical means to generate an alert. The various types of alertsdescribed herein may be used individually or in combination.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating filtering suction device withsafety features 1600. Positive pressure operated suction device withsafety features 1600 is an example of positive pressure operated suctiondevice 1200, positive pressure operated suction device with backflowprevention 1300, positive pressure operated suction device with backflowalert 1400 and Positive pressure operated suction device with safetyfeatures 1500; however, filtering suction device with safety features1600 includes filter 1630 and canister 1660. Filtering suction devicewith safety features 1600 includes suction system 1610, positivepressure input port 1611, vacuum port 1612, positive pressure outletport 1613, fluid accelerator 1615, backflow valve 1616, safety alert1617, filter 1630 and canister 1660.

Canister 1660 is configured to receive waste output from positivepressure outlet port 1613 for collection, separation, and/or disposal.In some embodiments, canister 1660 may be a suction canister connectedto a vacuum source. In some embodiments, canister 1660 may include afilter. Canister 1660 may be manufactured from plastic, glass, metal orsome other material having desirable properties. Some desirableproperties may include: cost, ability to be sterilized, manufacturingmethod, application or some other metric.

In operation, suction system 1610 receives pressure supply 1621 atpositive pressure input port 1611 and directs pressure supply 1621 tofluid accelerator 1615 thereby generating suction region 1622 at vacuumport 1612. Suction region 1622 has a pressure below ambient airpressure. The ambient air pressure overcomes the pressure in suctionregion 1622 thereby creating suction within suction system 1610. Suctionregion 1622 pulls matter (e.g., liquids, gasses, and solids) intosuction system 1610 via vacuum port 1612. In typical operation, thematter pulled into suction system 1610 is propelled by fluid accelerator1615 through filter 1630 and a filtrate is directed out positivepressure outlet port 1613. Positive pressure outlet port 1613 directs afiltrate to canister 1660.

Fluid accelerator 1615 is configured to couple to filter 1630. Fluidaccelerator 1615 uses pressure supply 1621 to push an effluent throughfilter 1630. Filter 1630 is configured to trap matter and pass afiltrate to positive pressure outlet port 1612. Positive pressure output1613 is configured to couple to canister 1660. Positive pressure output1613 supplies a filtrate from suction system 1610 to canister 1660. Insome embodiments, canister 1660 may be connected to a vacuum supply.

Positive pressure outlet port 1613, filter 1630 or canister 1660,however, may become clogged or obstructed. When this happens, theobstruction can prevent all or a substantial portion of an effluent fromflowing out of positive pressure outlet port 1613. When the effluentcannot flow out of positive pressure outlet port 1613, the effluent mayinstead be ejected out of vacuum port 1612.

Backflow valve 1616 can stop the operation of suction system 1610 bycutting off the supply of pressure supply 1621 to one or more componentsof suction system 1610 that cause suction region 1622 to be created.Backflow valve 1616 can stop the operation of suction system 1610 bypreventing any ‘reverse’ flow of matter from exiting via vacuum port1612. For example, backflow valve 1616 may be placed in line with vacuumport 1612. Backflow valve 1616 can activate when matter starts to flowin a manner that the flow would exit vacuum port 1612. Backflow valve1616 may be configured such that, once activated, it will stay activatedthereby preventing any flow out of vacuum port 1612 until pressuresupply 1621 is removed (i.e., turned off), or the blockage is cleared.

Safety alert 1617 is configured to alert a user of suction system 1610to the existence of a blockage. Once alerted to a blockage, the user cando one or more of: (1) discontinue use of suction system 1610; (2) clearthe blockage thereby restoring normal operation; and (3) terminate thesupply of pressure supply 1621 thereby shutting off suction system 1610.

Safety alert 1617 may be operatively coupled to backflow valve 1616 inorder to activate safety alert 1617 in response to the activation ofbackflow valve 1616. In this manner, in response to a blockage, suctionsystem 1610 both stops (i.e., prevents) the reverse flow of an effluentout of vacuum port 1612 as well as alerts the user to the blockage.

FIG. 17 illustrates compensated filtering suction device 1700.Compensated filtering suction device 1700 is an example of positivepressure operated suction device 1200, positive pressure operatedsuction device with backflow prevention 1300, positive pressure operatedsuction device with backflow alert 1400, positive pressure operatedsuction device with safety features 1500 and filtering suction devicewith safety features 1600; however, compensated filtering suction device1700 includes flow multiplier 1735. Compensated filtering suction device1700 includes suction generator 1710, positive pressure input port 1711,intake port 1712, exhaust output 1713, flow multiplier 1715, check valve1716, backflow alarm 1717, filter 1730 and flow multiplier 1735. Flowmultiplier 1735 is configured to compensate for flow resistance throughfilter 1730 by creating a low pressure region between filter 1730 andflow multiplier 1735.

In operation, suction generator 1710 receives positive pressure gas 1721at positive pressure input ports 1711, 1714 and directs positivepressure gas 1721 to flow multipliers 1715, 1735, respectively. Flowmultipliers 1715, 1735 are configured to generate low pressure regionsdistal to flow multipliers 1715, 1735 from positive pressure gas 1721.The combined low pressure regions produce low pressure zone 1722 nearintake port 1712. Low pressure zone 1722 has a pressure below ambientair pressure. The ambient air pressure overcomes the pressure in lowpressure zone 1722 thereby creating suction within suction generator1710. Low pressure zone 1722 pulls matter (e.g., liquids, gasses, andsolids) into suction generator 1710 via intake port 1712. In typicaloperation, the matter pulled into suction generator 1710 is propelled byflow multipliers 1715, 1735 through filter 1730 and out exhaust output1713.

Flow multipliers 1715, 1735 may each take advantage of fluidic dynamicprincipals including, but not limited to: the Coanda effect, the Venturieffect, fluidic entrainment and fluidic inducement to create andaccelerate an effluent flow through suction generator 1710. The Coandaeffect may be used by flow multipliers 1715, 1735 on either side offilter 1730. While FIG. 17 only illustrates flow multipliers 1715 and1735, it should be understood that a plurality of flow multipliers,similar to flow multipliers 1715 and 1735, may be combined in series orparallel operation before or after filter 1730.

Exhaust output 1713 and/or filter 1730 (or a tube connected to carryaway pressurized filtrate 1727), however, may become clogged orobstructed. When this happens, the obstruction can prevent all or asubstantial portion of an effluent from flowing out of exhaust output1713. When the effluent cannot flow out of exhaust output 1713, theeffluent may instead be ejected out of intake port 1712. The flow ofpositive pressure gas 1721 may be reversed to flow out of intake port1712 if an obstruction blocks exhaust output 1713—thereby givingpositive pressure gas 1721 nowhere else to flow but out of intake port1712.

Check valve 1716 can stop the operation of suction generator 1710 bycutting off the supply of positive pressure gas 1721 to one or morecomponents of suction generator 1710 that cause low pressure zone 1722to be created. Check valve 1716 can stop the operation of suctiongenerator 1710 by preventing any ‘reverse’ flow of matter from exitingvia intake port 1712. For example, check valve 1716 may be placed inline with intake port 1712. Check valve 1716 can activate when matterstarts to flow in a manner that the flow would exit intake port 1712.Check valve 1716 may be configured such that, once activated, it willstay activated thereby preventing any flow out of intake port 1712 untilpositive pressure gas 1721 is removed (i.e., turned off), or theblockage is cleared.

Backflow alarm 1717 is configured to alert a user of suction generator1710 to the existence of a blockage. Backflow alarm 1717 may beoperatively coupled to check valve 1716 to activate backflow alarm 1717in response to the activation of check valve 1716. In this manner, inresponse to a blockage, suction generator 1710 both stops (i.e.,prevents) the reverse flow of an effluent out of intake port 1712 aswell as alerts the user to the blockage.

Filter 1730 may comprise mechanical, biological, chemical or other typesof filters including any combination thereof. Filter 1730 includes atleast one filter inlet port and at least one filer output port. The atleast one filter inlet port is coupled to flow multiplier 1715 so thatsurgical byproducts and positive pressure gas 1721 pass through filter1730. The at least one filter output port is coupled to flow multiplier1735.

Suction generator 1710 includes flow multiplier 1735. Flow multiplier1735 is in fluid communication with an input port of filter 1730. Inoperation, flow multiplier 1735 receives positive pressure gas 1721 atpositive pressure input port 1714 to produce a low pressure zone betweenfilter 1730 and flow multiplier 1735. Flow multiplier 1735 may beconfigured to compensate for flow and/or pressure (suction) lossesattributable to the flow resistance of filter 1730. For example, flowmultiplier 1735 may compensate for a portion (e.g., ½, etc.) of the flowresistance of filter 1730. Flow multiplier may be configured tocompensate for more of the flow resistance (e.g., 1.25×, 1.5× or 2×) offilter 1730. Flow multiplier 1735 is coupled to exhaust output 1713.Flow multiplier 1735 is configured to exhaust a filtrate from filter1730 out exhaust output 1713.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a method of operating acompensated filtering suction device. The steps illustrated in FIG. 18may be performed by one or more elements of compensated filteringsuction device 1700. A pressurized gas flow is received at a first inputport and a second input port (1802). For example, positive pressureinput port 1711 is configured to receive positive pressure gas 1721 andsupply it to flow multiplier 1715. Positive pressure input port 1714 isconfigured to receive positive pressure gas 1721 and supply it to flowmultiplier 1735. A low pressure region is produced near a suction port(1804). For example, suction generator 1710 is configured to produce lowpressure zone 1722 near intake port 1712 by directing positive pressuregas 1721 through flow multipliers 1715, 1735. A flow of matter is pulledinto the suction device (1806). For example, low pressure zone 1722 isless than an ambient air pressure. This causes a flow of matter to enterintake port 1712. Intake port 1712 is configured to receive a flow ofmatter and direct the flow of matter through suction generator 1710. Acombined flow that includes the pressurized gas flow and the flow ofmatter is passed through a filter (1808). For example, flow multiplier1715 is configured to direct a combined flow (which can include positivepressure gas 1721 and the flow of matter received at intake port 1712)through filter 1730. Particles included in the combined flow are trappedin the filter and a filtrate is passed through the filter to a secondflow multiplier (1810). For example, filter 1730 is disposed betweenflow multiplier 1715 and flow multiplier 1735. Filter 1730 is configuredto trap particles and direct a filtrate to flow multiplier 1735. A lowpressure region is produced between the filter and a flow multiplier(1812). For example, flow multiplier 1735 is disposed between filter1730 and exhaust output 1713. Flow multiplier 1735 is configured toproduce a low pressure region between filter 1730 and flow multiplier1735. The filtrate is passed through a flow multiplier and out of anexhaust port (1814). Flow multiplier 1735 is configured to receive afiltrate from filter 1730 and pass the filtrate out exhaust port 1713.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating suction device with adjustablepressure gap 1900. Suction device with adjustable pressure gap is anexample of suction system 100, suction system with backflow prevention300, suction system with backflow alert 400, suction system with safetyfeatures 500, filtering suction system 1000, positive pressure operatedsuction device 1200, positive pressure operated suction device withbackflow prevention 1300, positive pressure operated suction device withbackflow alert 1400, positive pressure operated suction device withsafety features 1500 and filtering suction device with safety features1600; however, suction device with adjustable pressure gap 1900 includesadjustable pressure gap 1931 and motion translator 1942. Suction devicewith adjustable pressure gap 1900 includes suction device 1910, positivepressure input port 1911, input 1912, output 1913, fluid accelerator1915, valve 1916, alert 1917, filter 1930, adjustable pressure gap 1931and motion translator 1942.

Positive pressure input port 1911 is configured to receive positivepressure 1921. Positive pressure input port includes a means forcoupling to a positive pressure source. In operation, positive pressureinput port 1911 directs positive pressure 1921 to adjustable pressuregap 1931.

Adjustable pressure gap 1931 includes an annular opening that directspositive pressure 1921 into fluid accelerator 1915. A dimension ofadjustable pressure gap 1931 may be adjusted in response to motiontranslator 1942 receiving a user input. The pressure difference betweenlow pressure region 1922 and an ambient air pressure may be controlledby adjustable pressure gap 1931. For example, increasing the dimensionof adjustable pressure gap 1931 can increase the pressure differencebetween low pressure region 1922 and an ambient air pressure. Decreasingthe dimension of adjustable pressure gap 1931 can decrease the pressuredifference between low pressure region 1922 and an ambient air pressure.A user may choose to vary the pressure difference between low pressureregion 1922 and an ambient air pressure depending upon the type ofmatter the user would like to suction. For example, a user may adjustthe pressure difference between low pressure region 1922 and an ambientair pressure to suction more smoke than liquids. Alternatively, a usermay adjust the pressure difference between low pressure region 1922 andan ambient air pressure to suction liquids.

Motion translator 1942 is configured to translate a user input into anadjustment of adjustable pressure gap 1931. In some embodiments, motiontranslator 1942 is configured to translate a large motion from a userinput into a smaller motion for adjusting a dimension of adjustablepressure gap 1931. In some embodiments, motion translator 1942 isconfigured to include a rotatable element that translates a rotationaluser input into a linear adjustment of a dimension of adjustablepressure gap 1931. In some embodiments, motion translator may include asliding member to adjust a dimension of adjustable pressure gap 1931. Insome embodiments, motion translator 1931 may include a lever to converta larger user input motion into a smaller user input motion to adjust adimension of adjustable pressure gap 1931.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a method of operating a suction devicewith adjustable pressure gap. The steps illustrated in FIG. 20 may beperformed by one or more elements of suction device with adjustablepressure gap 1900. A pressurized gas flow is received at an input port(2002). For example, suction device with adjustable pressure gap 1900includes input port 1911 configured to receive positive pressure 1921and supply it to adjustable pressure gap 1931. The pressurized gas flowis supplied to an adjustable pressure gap (2004). For example, positivepressure input port 1911 is coupled to adjustable pressure gap 1931.Positive pressure input port 1911 is configured to supply positivepressure 1921 to adjustable pressure gap 1931. A user input istranslated into an adjustment for the adjustable pressure gap (2006).For example, motion translator 1942 is configured to receive a userinput and translate the user input into an adjustment for adjustablepressure gap 1931. A low pressure region is produced near a suction port(2008). For example, fluid accelerator 1915 is configured produce lowpressure region 1922 near input 1012 from positive pressure 1921.Adjustable pressure gap 1931 is configured to be adjustable to changethe pressure difference between low pressure region 1922 and an ambientair pressure. A flow of matter is pulled into the suction device (2010).For example, fluid accelerator 1915 produces low pressure region 1922below an ambient air pressure. This causes a flow of matter to be pulledinto suction device 1910. A combined flow that includes the pressurizedgas flow and the flow of matter received at the suction port is passedthrough a filter (2012). For example, fluid accelerator 1915 is coupledto filter 1930. Fluid accelerator 1915 is configured to pass a combinedflow (which can include positive pressure 1921 and a flow of matterreceived at input 1912) through filter 1930. Particles included in thecombined flow are trapped within the filter and a filtrate is passedthrough the filter to an output port (2014). For example, filter 1930 isconfigured to trap solids and pass pressurized filtrate 1927 to output1913.

FIG. 21A is a block diagram illustrating suction device with backflowprevention valve 2100. Suction device with backflow prevention valve2100 is an example of suction device 100, suction system with backflowprevention 300, positive pressure operated suction device 1200, positivepressure operated suction device with backflow prevention 1300 andsuction device with adjustable pressure gap 1900; however, suctiondevice with backflow prevention valve 2100 may include alternativeconfigurations and methods of operation. As illustrated in FIG. 21A,suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100 includes pressurizedgas port (such as a positive pressure intake) 2111, suction assembly2112, nozzle 2114, fluid accelerator 2115, and backflow prevention valve2116.

Suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100 uses a Coanda effectbased fluid accelerator 2115 to create suction near nozzle 2114. Thesuction is primarily created by suction device with backflow preventionvalve 2100 from a flow of positive pressure supply 2121 (typicallypressurized above ambient) that is provided to fluid accelerator2115—not an external suction pump (although the device may be used inconjunction with a suction pump). Suction device with backflowprevention 2100 may be used for removing medical or surgical byproducts,such as smoke, tissue, and body fluids. Suction device with backflowprevention valve 2100 includes backflow prevention valve 2116 thatprevents the flow of pressurized gas from ‘reversing’ direction andflowing out of nozzle 2114 in the wrong direction. In other words,suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100 is configured toprevent the pressurized gas from flowing out nozzle 2114—which may causeproblems or injure a patient.

Suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100 includes pressurizedgas port 2111. Pressurized gas port 2111 is configured to receivepositive pressure supply 2121 and supply it to conduit 2129 (such as anannular opening). A dimension of conduit 2129 is adjustable via flowcontroller 2120 to control the difference between a low pressure regiongenerated near nozzle 2114 and an ambient air pressure. Tubing may beused to supply positive pressure supply 2121 to pressurized gas port2111. In some embodiments, pressurized gas port 2111 may includefittings for coupling tubing to pressurized gas port 2111. Some types offittings that may be used include barbed, quick-disconnect, orcompression fittings.

Suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100 includes suctionassembly 2112. Suction assembly 2112 is disposed towards the distal endof suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100. Suction assembly2112 is configured to house backflow prevention valve 2116. Suctionassembly includes exhaust ports 2181 configured to direct at least theflow of positive pressure supply 2121 out exhaust ports 2181 whenbackflow prevention valve is activated.

Suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100 includes nozzle 2114.FIG. 21A illustrates an embodiment of nozzle 2114 including a conicalcavity having a narrow distal end and a wide proximal end. The narrowdistal end may be configured to include press-fit friction fittings,barbs, threads, Luer fittings or some other means to attach accessories(e.g., tubing, needles, etc.) to nozzle 2114. Nozzle 2114 includes aproximal end configured to couple to suction assembly 2112. Nozzle 2114is configured to receive flow of matter/suction flow 2124 and supply itto suction assembly 2112. Nozzle 2114 is configured to be replaceable.Different embodiments of nozzle 2114 configured for specificapplications may be used with suction device with backflow preventionvalve 2100. In some embodiment, nozzle 2114 may include openingsradially arrayed in the wall of nozzle 2114. The openings provideadditional suction near nozzle 2114. In some embodiments, the openingsmay be configured to take advantage of the Venturi effect. In someembodiments, the openings may be configured to open and close inresponse to a user input.

Suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100 includes fluidaccelerator 2115. Fluid accelerator 2115 includes fluid acceleratorintake 2118, fluid accelerator housing 2119, flow control 2120 andconduit 2129. Fluid accelerator 2115 is configured to generate a lowpressure region near nozzle 2114 from positive pressure supply 2121.Fluid accelerator 2115 may be configured to take advantage of the Coandaeffect. Fluid accelerator 2115 is configured to receive positivepressure supply 2121 to produce a first low pressure region near nozzle2114. Fluid accelerator is configured to accelerate flow ofmatter/suction flow 2124 received at nozzle 2114 and eject positivepressure effluent 2123 (which can include positive pressure supply 2121and flow of matter/suction flow 2124) out pressurized waste port/outletport 2113. The pressure difference between the low pressure regiongenerated near nozzle 2114 and an ambient air pressure may be adjustedby flow controller 2120. Flow controller 2120 may be adjusted to suctionmore gasses than liquids. Flow controller 2120 may be adjusted tosuction liquids.

Fluid accelerator 2115 includes fluid accelerator intake 2118. Fluidaccelerator intake 2118 is disposed between backflow prevention valve2116 and fluid accelerator 2115. Fluid accelerator intake 2118 isconfigured to supply a flow of matter received at nozzle 2114 to fluidaccelerator 2115. Fluid accelerator intake 2118 includes a plurality ofconical cavities having variable dimensions. The conical cavities eachinclude a wide distal end and a narrow proximal end. In someembodiments, the conical cavities may be configured to take advantage ofthe Venturi effect. Fluid accelerator intake 2118 is configured tocouple fluid accelerator 2115. Fluid accelerator intake 2118 may includegeometry comprising a tapered-section disposed at the proximal end. Thetapered-section of fluid accelerator intake 2118 may be configured, incombination with flow controller 2120, to form conduit 2129. Thegeometry of the tapered-section disposed at the proximal end of fluidaccelerator intake 2118 may be configured to supply positive pressuresupply 2121 to fluid accelerator 2115 at an angle in relation to aninterior wall of fluid accelerator 2115.

Fluid accelerator 2115 includes fluid accelerator housing 2119. Fluidaccelerator housing 2119 is disposed near the proximal end of suctiondevice with backflow prevention valve 2100. Fluid accelerator housing2119 is configured to couple to pressurized gas port 2111 and flowcontroller 2120. Fluid accelerator housing 2119 may include threadsconfigured to couple to flow controller 2120. The threads may beconfigured to translate rotational motion of flow controller 2120 to alinear motion that adjusts a dimension of conduit 2129. Fluidaccelerator housing 2119 includes a generally cylindrical cavity havinga first opening at a first end and a second opening at a second end. Thecylindrical cavity is defined by the inner wall of fluid acceleratorhousing 2119. Fluid accelerator housing 2119 includes a conduit 2129 inthe inner wall near the first end. Conduit 2129 may be configured tosupply positive pressure supply 2121 at an angle in relation to theinner wall of fluid accelerator 2115.

Fluid accelerator 2115 includes flow controller 2120. Flow controllerincludes pressurized waste port/outlet port 2113. Flow controller 2120is configured to couple to fluid accelerator housing 2119. Flowcontroller 2120 includes pressurized waste port 1913. Flow controller2120 may include a flared element disposed at the distal end of flowcontroller 2120. The flared element may be configured, in combinationwith fluid accelerator intake 2118, to supply positive pressure at anangle in relation to an interior wall of fluid accelerator 2115. Flowcontroller is rotatable to adjust conduit 2129. Conduit 2129 isadjustable to control a pressure difference between ambient air and thelow pressure region at the nozzle 2114. The dimension of conduit 2129can be adjustable to control a ratio of gas suction to liquid suction tosolid suction provided by fluid accelerator 2115. Conduit 2129 has aprofile such that the pressurized gas entering the cavity attaches to acurved surface of the portion of the structure defining conduit 2129,thereby creating the low pressure region which increases the overallmass flow rate of the accelerated flow. Flow controller 2120 may includeO-rings to provide a seal between flow controller 2120 and fluidaccelerator housing 2119.

Flow controller 2120 includes pressurized waste port/outlet port 2113.Pressurized waste port/outlet port 2113 is disposed at the distal end offlow controller 2120. Pressurized waste port/outlet port 2113 isconfigured to direct positive pressure effluent 2123 a waste repository.The waste repository may include a collection canister, waste drain,tubing or piping configured to carry away positive pressure effluent. Insome embodiments, pressurized waste port/outlet port 2113 may includefittings for coupling to tubing. Some types of fittings that may be usedinclude barbed, quick-disconnect, or compression fittings. In theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 21A, pressurized waste port/outlet port2113 includes O-rings for coupling pressurized waste port/outlet port2113 to tubing.

Fluid accelerator 2115 includes conduit 2129. Annular opening isdisposed between fluid accelerator intake 2118 and fluid acceleratorhousing 2119. Conduit 2129 defines a jet opening adapted to allowpositive pressure supply 2121 to flow through conduit 2129 such that alow pressure region is produced near nozzle 2114. Conduit 2129 isconfigured to receive positive pressure supply 2121 from pressurized gasport 2111 and supply it to fluid accelerator 2115. The proximal end offluid accelerator intake 2118 and the distal end of flow controller 2120may be configured to form conduit 2129. Conduit 2129 may be configuredsuch that positive pressure supply 2121 enters fluid accelerator 2115 atan angle (e.g., 0°-90°) with respect to the inner wall of thecylindrical cavity. In some embodiments, a more acute angle (e.g.,30°-50°) may be desirable.

Suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100 includes backflowprevention valve 2116. Backflow prevention valve 2116 includes backflowprevention valve body 2180 and diaphragm 2185. Backflow prevention valve2116 resides along the airflow path inside suction device with backflowprevention valve 2100. During normal operation, backflow preventionvalve 2116 is configured to block exhaust ports 2181 to provide maximumsuction near nozzle 2114. Backflow prevention valve 2116 can stop theoperation of fluid accelerator 2115 by cutting off positive pressuresupply 2121 to one or more components of fluid accelerator 2115 thatcause a low pressure region to be created. Backflow prevention valve2116 is configured to stop any ‘reverse’ flow of matter from exiting viasuction assembly 2112 or nozzle 2114. Backflow prevention valve 2116 maybe configured such that, once activated, it will stay activated therebypreventing any flow out of suction assembly 2112 or nozzle 1214 untilpositive pressure gas supply is removed (i.e., turned off), or ablockage is cleared.

Backflow prevention valve 2114 may be configured to divert at leastpositive pressure supply 2121 out exhaust ports 2181 when activated toprevent positive pressure supply 2121 from increasing beyond a desiredlimit within suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100. In thisexample, exhaust ports 2181 are integral to suction assembly 2112. Inthe event of an obstruction or blockage within a portion of suctiondevice with backflow prevention valve 2100, backflow prevention valve2116 is configured to move within suction assembly 2112 to open exhaustports 2181. Opening exhaust ports 2181 allows positive pressure gas 2121to escape from suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100.

Backflow prevention valve 2116 includes diaphragm 2185. Diaphragm 2185is comprised of a flexible material. Diaphragm 2185 is configured toflex in response to a flow. Diaphragm 2185 is configured to permit aflow in a first direction through backflow prevention valve 2116 duringnormal operation by flexing in the direction of a flow. Diaphragm 2185is configured to prevent positive pressure supply 2121 from passingthrough backflow prevention valve body 2180 in a second direction.Backflow prevention valve body 2180 includes structural elementsconfigured to limit the flexure of diaphragm 2185 in a second direction.Backflow prevention valve 2116 is configured to activate in the eventthat suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100 or a portionthereof becomes obstruction or blocked. When activated, positivepressure supply 2121 causes diaphragm 2185 to flex until the flexure islimited by backflow prevention valve body 2180. When the flexure ofdiaphragm 2185 is limited by backflow prevention valve body 2180,positive pressure supply 2121 applies force to diaphragm 2185. Diaphragm2185 transfers the force form positive pressure supply 2121 to backflowprevention valve 2116, thereby causing backflow prevention valve body2180 to slide within suction assembly 2112. When backflow preventionvalve body 2180 is activated, at least the flow of positive pressuresupply 2121 is prevented from exiting at suction assembly 2112 or nozzle2114. Diaphragm 2185 may be configured to directed positive pressuresupply through exhaust ports 2181 when backflow prevention valve 2116 isactivated.

FIG. 21B1 illustrates the central axis 2126 of the device, from whichthe angle 2128 is measured. The inlet port 2117 is located on one end ofthe fluid accelerator 2115 and the outlet port 2113 is located on anopposite end. The low pressure chamber 2127 is an internal volume of thefluid accelerator 2115 where the flow of matter/suction flow 2124 isgenerated.

FIGS. 21B and 21C are close-up diagrams illustrating conduit 2129 of asuction device with backflow prevention valve 2100. First hollow segment2122, fluid accelerator housing 2119 and second hollow segment 2125 areconfigured to form conduit 2129. First hollow segment 2122 may comprisea first opening 2133 that may be adjacent to a second opening 2134 ofthe second hollow segment 2125. A first facing surface 2130 may at leastpartially surround the first opening 2133. A second facing surface 2132may at least partially surround the second opening 2134. The firstfacing surface 2130 may face the second facing surface 2132. The firstfacing surface 2130 or the second facing surface 2132 may be beveled,flared, angled, or any combination thereof. Conduit 2129 includespressure gap 2131. Pressure gap 2131 is configured to be adjustable.Adjusting the dimensions of pressure gap 2131 adjusts the flow rate ofpositive pressure supply 2121 through conduit 2129. Adjusting the flowrate of positive pressure supply 2121 through conduit 2129 adjusts apressure difference between a low pressure region generated near nozzle2114 and an ambient air pressure, thereby adjusting flow through suctiondevice with backflow prevention 2100. Pressure gap 2131 is adjustable tocontrol a ratio of gas suction to liquid suction to solid suctionprovided by fluid accelerator 2115. Adjusting the fluid flow allows theuser to tune suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100 tointake desired ratios of gas (e.g., smoke), liquids and solids, or acombination of all three. Conduit 2129 may be configured such thatpositive pressure supply 2121 enters fluid accelerator 2115 at an angle(e.g., 0°-90°) with respect to an inner wall of fluid accelerator 2115.In some embodiments, a more acute angle (e.g., 30°-50°) may bedesirable.

Conduit 2129 is partially comprised of first hollow segment 2122. Theproximal end of first hollow segment 2122 and the distal end of secondhollow segment 2125 define a jet opening adapted to allow positivepressure supply 2121 to flow through conduit 2129. The proximal end offirst hollow segment 2122 may include geometry configured to direct theflow of positive pressure supply 2121.

Conduit 2129 is partially comprised of fluid accelerator housing 2119.Fluid accelerator housing 2119 is coupled to pressurized gas port 2111.Fluid accelerator housing is configured to receive positive pressuresupply 2121 and supply it to conduit 2129. Fluid accelerator housing2119 may include threads configured to couple to second hollow segment2125. The threads allow pressure gap 2131 to be adjusted by rotatingsecond hollow segment 2125. Second hollow segment 2125 may be configuredto translate rotational motion into linear motion to adjust pressure gap2131.

Conduit 2129 is partially comprised of second hollow segment 2125. Thedistal end of second hollow segment 2125 may be flared to directpositive pressure supply 2121 to enter fluid accelerator at an angle inrelation to an interior wall of fluid accelerator 2115. Second hollowsegment 2125 may include threads configured to mate with fluidaccelerator housing 2119. The threads may be configured to translaterotational motion of second hollow segment 2125 to a linear motion thatadjusts pressure gap 2131. Adjustment of pressure gap 2131 adjusts adifference between a low pressure region generated near nozzle 2114 andan ambient air pressure.

FIG. 21B is a diagram illustrating conduit 2129. As illustrated in FIG.21B, pressure gap 2131 is adjusted to allow an increased flow ofpositive pressure supply 2121 through conduit 2129 with respect topressure gap 2131 as illustrated in FIG. 21C. Pressure gap 2131 asillustrated in FIG. 21B generates a larger difference between a lowpressure region generated near nozzle 2114 and an ambient air pressurethereby generating more flow through suction device with backflowprevention valve 2100 than pressure gap 2131 as illustrated in FIG. 21C.

Conduit 2129 includes angle 2128 relative to the central axis 2126.Angle 2128 relative to the central axis 2126 is configured to supplypressure received from pressurized gas port 2111 at an angle withrespect to fluid accelerator 2115. In some embodiments, angle 2128relative to the central axis 2126 may be configured to take advantage ofthe Coanda effect to generate suction. In some embodiments, angle 2128relative to the central axis 2126 may be an acute angle (e.g., 0°-90°).In some embodiments, angle 2128 relative to the central axis 2126 may bebetween 30°-60°. In some embodiments, angle 2128 relative to the centralaxis 2126 may be 55°.

FIG. 21C is a diagram illustrating conduit 2129. As illustrated in FIG.21C, pressure gap 2131 is adjusted to allow a decreased flow of positivepressure supply 2121 through conduit 2129 with respect to pressure gap2131 as illustrated in FIG. 21B. Pressure gap 2131 as illustrated inFIG. 21C generates a smaller difference between a low pressure regiongenerated near nozzle 2114 and an ambient air pressure therebygenerating less flow through suction device with backflow preventionvalve 2100 than pressure gap 2131 as illustrated in FIG. 21B.

FIG. 21D is a diagram illustrating the operation of suction device withbackflow prevention valve 2100 during normal operation. Backflowprevention valve 2116 is configured to move in proximal and distaldirections within suction assembly 2112. During normal operation,backflow prevention valve 2116 slides to a proximal position withinsuction assembly 2112 blocking exhaust ports 2181 and allowing flowthrough suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100. In the eventof a blockage, backflow prevention valve 2116 slides to a distalposition within suction assembly 2112 to prevent backflow throughsuction assembly 2112 or nozzle 2114. In the distal position, backflowprevention valve opens exhaust ports 2181 to exhaust at least positivepressure supply 2121.

In operation, positive pressure supply 2121 is introduced to pressurizedgas port 2111. Pressurized gas port 2111 supplies positive pressuresupply 2121 through conduit 2129 to fluid accelerator 2115. The amountof flow through conduit 2129 is controlled by adjusting flow controller2120. Portions of suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100,particularly in fluid accelerator 2115, create a low pressure regionnear nozzle 2114 to entrain and induce flow of matter/suction flow 2124through suction device with backflow prevention valve 2100.

In operation, fluid accelerator 2115 receives positive pressure supply2121 at pressurized gas port 2111 and directs positive pressure supply2121 to fluid accelerator 2115 thereby generating a low pressure regionat nozzle 2114. The low pressure region at nozzle 2114 has a pressurebelow ambient air pressure. The ambient air pressure overcomes thepressure in the low pressure region thereby creating suction at nozzle2114. A low pressure region generated near nozzle 2114 pulls flow ofmatter/suction flow 2124 into suction assembly 2112. Flow ofmatter/suction flow 2124 can include liquids, gasses, and solids. Flowof matter/suction flow pulled 2124 is propelled by fluid accelerator2115 out pressurized waste port/outlet port 2113 as positive pressureeffluent 2123. Positive pressure effluent 2123 can include a combinedflow of positive pressure supply 2121 and flow of matter/suction flow2124.

FIG. 21E is a diagram illustrating the operation of suction device withbackflow prevention valve 2100 in the event of an obstruction. Asillustrated in FIG. 21E, pressurized waste port/outlet port 2113 isblocked by obstruction 2150. Obstruction 2150 can prevent all or asubstantial portion of positive pressure supply 2121 from flowing outpressurized waste port/outlet port 2113. Without backflow preventionvalve 2116, when positive pressure supply 2121 (or a combination ofpositive pressure supply 2121 and positive pressure effluent 2123)cannot flow out of pressurized waste port/outlet port 2113, the positivepressure supply 2121 and possibly positive pressure effluent 2123 mayinstead be ejected out nozzle 2114. The ejection of an effluent (and ofpositive pressure supply 2121, in particular) is undesirable and cancause damage or other problems to items in the vicinity of nozzle 2114(e.g., a patient). However, backflow prevention valve 2116 is configuredto at least stop the flow of positive pressure supply 2121 and positivepressure effluent 2123 from exiting via nozzle 2114.

Backflow prevention valve 2116 can stop the operation of suction devicewith backflow prevention valve 2100 by preventing any ‘reverse’ flow ofmatter from exiting via nozzle 2114. Backflow prevention valve 2116includes backflow prevention valve body 2180, exhaust ports 2181 anddiaphragm 2185. Backflow prevention valve 2116 can activate when matterstarts to flow in a manner that the flow would exit nozzle 2114.Backflow prevention valve 2116 may be configured such that, onceactivated, it will stay activated thereby preventing any flow out ofnozzle 2114 until positive pressure supply 2121 is removed (i.e., turnedoff), or obstruction 2150 is cleared.

FIG. 21E is a diagram illustrating the operation of suction device withbackflow prevention 2100 in the event of an obstruction. Obstruction2150 prevents positive pressure supply 2121 from exiting pressurizedwaste port/outlet port 2113. Since positive pressure supply 2121 cannotexit pressurized waste port/outlet port 2113 due to obstruction 2150,the flow of positive pressure supply 2121 reverses direction towardsnozzle 2114. Positive pressure supply 2121 forces diaphragm 2185 to flexagainst backflow prevention valve body 2180. Pressure is transferredfrom diaphragm 2185 to backflow prevention valve 2116 causing backflowprevention valve 2116 to slide within suction assembly 2112. Whenactivated, backflow prevention valve 2116 may open exhaust ports 2181allowing positive pressure supply 2121 to exhaust through exhaust ports2181.

FIG. 22A is a diagram illustrating an exploded view of backflowprevention valve 2200. Backflow prevention valve 2220 is an example ofbackflow preventer 316, backflow preventer 516, backflow preventer 716,backflow preventer 816, backflow prevention valve 1316, backflowprevention valve 1516, backflow valve 1616, check valve 1716, valve1916, and backflow prevention valve 2116; however, backflow preventionvalve 2200 may include alternative configurations or methods ofoperation. Backflow prevention valve 2200 includes sliding body 2280 anddiaphragm 2285.

Backflow prevention valve 2200 includes sliding body 2280. Sliding body2280 includes alignment features 2282, male coupling 2283, apertures2286 and support elements 2288. Sliding body 2280 is configured toreside within a housing, for example suction assembly 2112. Sliding body2280 includes alignment features 2282. Alignment features 2282 compriseinclusions in sliding body 2280. Alignment features may be configured tointerface with alignment features included in a housing to preventbackflow prevention valve 2200 from rotating. Sliding body 2280 includessupport elements 2288. Support elements 2288 are configured to providestructural support to diaphragm 2285. Diaphragm 2285 is comprised of aflexible material. Support elements 2288 are configured to limit theamount of flexure of diaphragm 2285 in one direction. Pressure from apositive pressure source may be transferred from diaphragm 2285 tosliding body 2280 by support elements 2288. Male coupling is configuredto couple sliding body 2280 to diaphragm 2285. As illustrated in FIG.22A, male coupling 2283 is configured to couple to female coupling 2284using a snap-fit. In some embodiments, male coupling 2283 may be amechanical fastener (e.g., screw, bolt, rivet, etc.), a point whereadhesive is applied, or other means of coupling male coupling 2283 tofemale coupling 2284. Sliding body 2280 includes apertures 2286.Apertures 2286 are configured to allow a flow of matter through slidingbody 2280.

Backflow prevention valve 2200 includes diaphragm 2285. Diaphragm 2285is configured to block a flow through apertures 2286 in one direction,while allowing a flow in the opposite direction. Diaphragm 2285 iscomprised of a flexible material. Diaphragm 2285 is configured to flexin response to pressure. When a pressure flow is traveling in onedirection, diaphragm 2285 is configured to flex allowing a flow to passthrough apertures 2286. When a pressure flow is traveling in an oppositedirection, diaphragm 2285 is configured to flex until the flexure islimited by support elements 2288. Diaphragm 2285 is configured totransfer pressure from pressure source to sliding body 2280. Thistransfer of pressure causes sliding body 2280 to move within a housing.Diaphragm 2285 includes female coupling 2284. Female coupling 2284 isconfigured to couple diaphragm 2285 to sliding body 2280. As illustratedin FIG. 22A, female coupling 2284 is configured to couple to malecoupling 2283 using a snap-fit. In some embodiments, female coupling2284 may be a hole to for a mechanical fastener (e.g., screw, bolt,rivet, etc.), a point where adhesive is applied, or some other means ofcoupling female coupling 2284 to male coupling 2283.

FIG. 22B is a diagram illustrating backflow prevention valve 2200 duringa blockage. In the event of a blockage, pressure from a pressure sourcecauses diaphragm 2285 to flex. Flexure of diaphragm 2285 is limited bysupport elements 2288. As illustrated in FIG. 22B, diaphragm 2285 isresting upon support elements 2288. In this mode of operation, diaphragm2285 is able to transfer pressure from a pressure source to sliding body2280. This transfer of pressure can cause backflow prevention valve 2200to activate.

FIG. 22C is a diagram illustrating backflow prevention valve 2200 duringnormal operation. During normal operation, pressure from a pressuresource causes diaphragm 2285 to flex thereby allowing a flow throughapertures 2286. Pressure from a pressure source may act on diaphragm2285. Pressure may be transferred from diaphragm 2285 to sliding body2280 by male coupling 2283 and female coupling 2284. During normaloperation, pressure from a pressure source may act on diaphragm 2285thereby causing backflow prevention valve 2200 to slide within ahousing. When deactivate, backflow prevention valve 220 may beconfigured to block exhaust ports.

FIG. 23A is a diagram illustrating the operation of positive pressurevacuum device with safety features 2300 during normal operation.Positive pressure vacuum device with safety features 2300 is an exampleof suction system 100, suction system with backflow prevention 300,suction system with backflow alert 400, suction system with safetyfeatures 500, positive pressure operated suction device 1200, positivepressure operated suction device with backflow prevention 1300, positivepressure operated suction device with backflow alert 1400, and positivepressure operated suction device with safety features 1500; however,positive pressure operated vacuum device with safety features 2300 mayinclude alternative configurations and methods of operation. Positivepressure vacuum device with safety features 2300 includes pressurizedgas port (such as a positive pressure input port) 2311, low pressurechamber 2312, effluent output 2313, fluid flow amplifier 2315, safetyvalve 2316, safety valve body 2380, and alarm/safety alert 2317.

In operation, fluid flow amplifier 2315 receives pressurized gas supply2321 to generate a low pressure region near low pressure chamber 2312.Fluid flow amplifier 2315 may be configured to take advantage of theCoanda effect to generate a low pressure region near low pressurechamber 2312. The low pressure region draws safety valve 2316 proximallywithin low pressure chamber 2312, blocking backflow diversion ports 2381and opening diaphragm 2385. During normal operation, backflow preventionvalve 2116 blocks backflow diversion ports 2381 to provide maximumsuction near low pressure chamber 2312. The low pressure region pullsflow of matter/suction flow 2324 into low pressure chamber 2312. Flow ofmatter/suction flow 2324 can include liquids, gasses, and solids. Lowpressure chamber 2127 directs flow of matter/suction flow 2324 to fluidflow amplifier 2315. Fluid flow amplifier 2315 is configured to generatea laminar flow. Flow of matter/suction flow 2324 may be entrained withpressurized gas supply 2321 within fluid flow amplifier 2315 and ejectedas positive pressure effluent 2323 out effluent output 2313. The laminarflow within fluid flow amplifier 2315 allows positive pressure gassupply 2321 to be separated from flow of matter/suction flow 2324 byeffluent output 2313. Effluent output 2313 may be configured to ejectpressurized gas supply 2321 and positive pressure effluent 2323 asseparate streams. Effluent output 2313 may be configured to couple totubes, pipes, etc. for collection, further separation, and/or disposalof pressurized gas supply 2321 and positive pressure effluent 2323.

FIG. 23B is a diagram illustrating the operation of positive pressuresuction device with safety features 2300 in the event of a blockage.Flow through positive pressure suction device with safety feature 2300is blocked by obstruction 2350. Obstruction 2350 can prevent all or asubstantial portion of pressurized gas supply 2321 from flowing out ofeffluent output 2313. When pressurized gas supply 2321 is prevented fromexhausting at effluent output 2313, pressurized gas supply 2321 may beforced to exit out low pressure chamber 2312. Without backflow safetyvalve 2316 pressurized gas supply 2321 and possibly flow ofmatter/suction flow 2324 may be ejected out of low pressure chamber2312. The ejection pressurized gas supply 2321 and flow ofmatter/suction flow 2324 is undesirable and can cause damage or otherproblems to items in the vicinity of low pressure chamber 2312 (e.g., apatient). However, safety valve 2316, along with safety valve body 2380,is configured to at least stop the flow of pressurized gas supply 2321from exiting via low pressure chamber 2312.

FIG. 23B illustrates obstruction 2350 preventing pressurized gas supply2321 from exiting effluent output 2313. Since pressurized gas supply2321 cannot exit effluent output 2313 due to obstruction 2350, the flowof pressurized gas supply 2321 reverses direction towards low pressurechamber 2312. Pressurized gas supply 2321 forces diaphragm 2385 to closeand safety valve 2316 to slide within low pressure chamber 2312. Onceactivated, safety valve 2316 may open backflow diversion ports 2381 toallow pressurized gas supply 2321 to escape thereby preventing pressurefrom increasing beyond a desirable limit within positive pressuresuction device with safety features 2300.

Backflow diversion ports 2381 are operatively coupled to alarm/safetyalert 2317. Backflow diversion ports 2381 may be configured to directpressurized gas supply 2321 to alarm/safety alert 2317 when safety valve2316 is activated. In this example, alarm/safety alert 2317 isconfigured to produce an audible alert using pressurized gas supply2321.

FIG. 24A is a diagram illustrating positive pressure operated suctiondevice 2400. Positive pressure operated suction device 2400 is anexample of suction system 100, suction system with backflow prevention300, suction system with backflow alert 400, suction system with safetyfeatures 500, filtering suction system 1000, positive pressure operatedsuction device 1200, positive pressure operated suction device withbackflow alert 1400, positive pressure operated suction device withsafety features 1500, filtering suction device with safety features1600, and suction device with adjustable pressure gap 1900; however,positive pressure operated suction device 2400 may include alternativeconfigurations and methods of operation. Positive pressure operatedsuction device 2400 includes pressurized gas port (such as a positivepressure intake) 2411, suction assembly 2412, output/outlet port 2413,fluid accelerator 2415, backflow prevention valve 2416, alarm/alert2417, fluid accelerator intake 2418, flow control 2420, input/input port2422, conduit (such as an annular opening) 2429 and filter 2430.

Pressurized gas port 2411 is configured to receive positive pressurefrom a positive pressure source. The positive pressure source isconfigured to provide gas at a pressure above an ambient air pressure.The positive pressure source may include compressed gas from acompressor, gas from a high-pressure gas cylinder, or even a humanbreath. Pressurized gas port 2411 is configured to supply positivepressure to fluid accelerator 2415 via conduit 2429.

Suction assembly 2412 is disposed towards the distal end of positivepressure operated suction device 2400. Suction assembly 2412 includesinput/input port 2422. Suction assembly 2412 is configured to receive aflow of matter. Suction assembly 2412 is configured to house backflowprevention valve 2416.

Fluid accelerator 2415 is configured to generate a low pressure regionwithin suction assembly 2412 and near input/input port 2422. The lowpressure region generated by fluid accelerator 2415 is below an ambientair pressure. The low pressure region causes an ambient air pressure topush a flow of matter into input/input port 2422 and through suctionassembly 2412. The flow of matter may include liquids, solids andgasses.

Output/outlet port 2413 is disposed towards the proximal end of positivepressure operated suction device 2400. Output/outlet port 2413 isconfigured to receive a filtrate from filter 2430. Output/outlet port2413 may be configured to output the filtrate received from filter 2430to a collection source. The collection source may include tubing, acanister, or a waste drain.

Fluid accelerator 2415 is configured to accelerate flow ofmatter/suction flow 2424 using positive pressure supply 2421. Fluidaccelerator 2415 includes conduit 2429. Conduit 2429 is configured todirect positive pressure supply 2421 received from pressurize gas port2411 at an angle in relation to an interior wall of fluid accelerator2415. Fluid accelerator 2415 may be configured to take advantage of theCoanda effect to generate a low pressure region near input/input port2422 from positive pressure supply 2421. Fluid accelerator 2415 isconfigured to generate positive pressure effluent 2423. Positivepressure effluent 2423 may include a combined flow of positive pressuresupply 2421 and flow of matter/suction flow 2424. Fluid accelerator 2415is configured to direct positive pressure effluent through filter 2430.Filter 2430 is configured to trap particles included in positivepressure effluent 2423 and pass positive pressure filtrate 2426 outoutput/outlet port 2413.

Backflow prevention valve 2416 is disposed between suction assembly 2412and fluid accelerator 2415. Backflow prevention valve 2416 is configuredto prevent at least positive pressure supply 2421 from exitinginput/input port 2422.

Alarm/alert 2417 is configured to notify a user that flow throughpositive pressure operated suction device 2400 has become obstructed.Alarm/alert 2417 may be configured to operate in conjunction withbackflow prevention valve 2416. Flow through suction assembly 2412 maybe blocked upon activation of backflow prevention valve 2416. Backflowprevention valve 2416 may be configured to direct positive pressuresupply 2421 through exhaust ports 2181 and to alarm/alert 2417.Alarm/alert 2417 may be configured to generate an alert from positivepressure supply 2421.

Fluid accelerator intake 2418 includes a plurality of conic sectionseach having a wide end and a narrow end. In some embodiments, fluidaccelerator intake may be configured to take advantage of the Venturieffect to accelerate flow through fluid accelerator intake 2418. Fluidaccelerator intake is configured to direct a flow of matter received atinput/input port 2422 into fluid accelerator 2415.

Flow control 2420 is disposed toward the distal end of positive pressureoperated suction device 2400. Flow control 2420 includes a rotatablemember configured to receive a user input. Flow control translatesrotational motion received from a user input into a linear motion thatcan adjust a pressure gap disposed between fluid accelerator intake 2418and fluid accelerator 2415. In some embodiments, flow control 2420 maytranslate a larger movement from into a smaller movement near conduit2429.

Conduit 2429 is disposed between fluid accelerator intake 2418 and fluidaccelerator 2415. Conduit 2429 includes an adjustable pressure gap. Theadjustable pressure gap controls the flow of pressure received frompressurized gas port 2411 through conduit 2429 and therefore the flow ofpressure into fluid accelerator 2415. Conduit 2429 may be adjusted by auser by adjusting flow control 2420. The strength of the low pressureregion may be adjusted by adjustment of conduit 2429.

Filter 2430 is disposed near the proximal end of positive pressureoperated suction device 2400. Filter 2430 is configured to receivepositive pressure effluent 2423. Filter 2430 is configured to trapparticles and pass positive pressure filtrate 2426 to output/outlet port2413.

FIG. 24B is a close-up diagram of FIG. 24B1, illustrating the operationof adjustable pressure gap 2431 for positive pressure operated suctiondevice. Flow control 2420 includes adjustment feature, such as a tunerarm 2440. Tuner arm 2440 is configured to allow a user to control thelow pressure region near input/input port 2422. In this embodiment,tuner arm 2440 permits a user to adjust adjustable pressure gap 2431using one hand. Tuner arm 2440 is configured to receive a rotationalinput from a user. Tuner arm 2440 is configured to provide rotationalmotion to flow control 2420. Flow control 2420 is configured to providerotational motion to motion translator 2442. Motion translator 2442 isconfigured to translate rotational motion received from flow control2420 to a linear motion. The linear motion from motion translator 2442is configured to adjust pressure gap 2431.

Conduit 2429 includes pressure gap 2431. Pressure gap 2431 is configuredto be adjustable. Adjustment of pressure gap 2431 adjusts the flow rateof positive pressure supply 2421 through conduit 2429. Adjustment ofpositive pressure supply 2421 through conduit 2429 adjusts a pressuredifference between a low pressure region generated near input/input port2422 and an ambient air pressure. Pressure gap 2431 may be configured tocontrol a ratio of gas suction to liquid suction to solid suctionprovided by a second hollow segment 2402, such as fluid accelerator2415. Adjustment of positive pressure supply 2421 through conduit 2429may allow a user to tune positive pressure operated suction device 2400to intake desired ratios of gas (e.g., smoke), liquids and solids, or acombination of all three. Conduit 2429 may be configured such thatpositive pressure supply 2421 enters second hollow segment 2402 at anangle (e.g., 0°-90° with respect to an inner wall of second hollowsegment 2402. In some embodiments, a more acute angle (e.g., 30°-50°)may be desirable.

Conduit 2429 is partially comprised of a first hollow segment 2401, suchas fluid accelerator intake 2418, and a second hollow segment 2402, suchas fluid accelerator 2415. The proximal end of first hollow segment 2401and the distal end of second hollow segment 2402 may be configured todefine a jet opening adapted to allow positive pressure supply 2421 toflow through conduit 2429. The proximal end of first hollow segment 2401may include geometry comprising conic sections configured to direct theflow of positive pressure supply 2421 into second hollow segment 2402 atan angle in relation to an interior wall of second hollow segment 2402.

First hollow segment 2401 may comprise a first opening 2405 that may beadjacent to a second opening 2406 of the second hollow segment 2402. Afirst facing surface 2403 may at least partially surround the firstopening 2405. A second facing surface 2404 may at least partiallysurround the second opening 2406. The first facing surface 2403 may facethe second facing surface 2404. The first facing surface 2403 or thesecond facing surface 2404 may be beveled, flared, angled, or anycombination thereof.

Conduit 2429 is partially comprised of second hollow segment 2402. Thedistal end of second hollow segment 2402 may be flared to directpositive pressure supply 2421 to enter second hollow segment 2402 at anangle in relation to an interior wall of second hollow segment 2402.

As illustrated in FIG. 24B, pressure gap 2431 is adjusted to allow anincreased flow of positive pressure supply 2421 through conduit 2429with respect to pressure gap 2431 as illustrated in FIG. 24C. Pressuregap 2431 as illustrated in FIG. 24B generates a larger differencebetween a low pressure region generated near input/input port 2422 andan ambient air pressure thereby generating more flow through positivepressure operated suction device 2400 than pressure gap 2431 asillustrated in FIG. 24C.

FIG. 24C is a close-up diagram of FIG. 24C1, illustrating conduit 2429.As illustrated in FIG. 24C, pressure gap 2431 is adjusted to allow adecreased flow of positive pressure supply 2421 through conduit 2429with respect to pressure gap 2431 as illustrated in FIG. 24B. Pressuregap 2431 as illustrated in FIG. 24C generates a smaller differencebetween a low pressure region generated near input/input port 2422 andan ambient air pressure thereby generating less flow through positivepressure operated suction device 2400 than pressure gap 2431 asillustrated in FIG. 24B. In some embodiments, adjustment of adjustablepressure gap 2431 can stop operation of positive pressure operatedsuction device 2400.

FIG. 24D is a diagram illustrating the operation of positive pressureoperated suction device 2400 during normal operation. Backflowprevention valve 2416 includes backflow prevention valve body 2180 andexhaust ports 2181. Backflow prevention valve 2416 is configured to movewithin suction assembly 2412. During normal operation, backflowprevention valve 2416 may be configured to block exhaust ports 2181 andallow flow through positive pressure operated suction device 2400. Inthe event of a blockage, backflow prevention valve 2416 slides to withinsuction assembly 2412 to prevent at least positive pressure supply 2421from exiting intake/input port 2422. Backflow prevention valve 2416 maybe configured to open exhaust ports 2181 to prevent positive pressuresupply 2421 from increasing beyond a desirable limit within positivepressure operated suction device 2400.

In operation, positive pressure supply 2421 is introduced to pressurizegas port 2411. Pressurized gas port 2411 supplies positive pressuresupply 2421 to fluid accelerator 2415. Fluid accelerator 2415 may beconfigured to take advantage of the Coanda effect. Fluid accelerator2415 is configured to generate a low pressure region near input/inputport 2422 from positive pressure supply 2421. Conduit 2429 may beconfigured to supply positive pressure supply 2421 to fluid accelerator2425 at an angle in relation to the interior wall of fluid accelerator2415. Portions of positive pressure operated suction device 2400,particularly in fluid accelerator 2415, are configured to create a lowpressure region in suction assembly 2412. This low pressure region maybe used to entrain and induce flow of matter/suction flow 2424 throughpositive pressure operated suction device 2400.

FIG. 24D illustrates flow of matter/suction flow 2424 enteringinput/input port 2422. Flow of matter/suction flow 2424 may be entrainedwith positive pressure supply 2421 within fluid accelerator 2415. Thiscombined flow is illustrated as positive pressure effluent 2423. Fluidaccelerator 2415 pushes positive pressure effluent 2423 through filter2430. Filter 2430 is configured to trap particles and pass positivepressure effluent 2426 out output/outlet port 2413.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating suction system for use in anoperating room 2500. Suction system 2500 includes suction device 2510,suction attachment 2552, fluid separator 2554, support 2558 andcollection canister 2560.

Suction system 2500 includes suction device 2510. Suction device 2510 isan example suction system 100, suction system with backflow prevention300 (shown in FIG. 25 as 2516), filtering suction system 1000, positivepressure operated suction device 1200, positive pressure operatedsuction device with backflow prevention 1300, suction device withadjustable pressure gap 1900; however, suction device 2510 includesmuffler 2532 and mount 2556.

Suction device 2510 includes muffler 2531. Muffler 2531 is configured tosuppress the volume level of positive pressure output 2521. Muffler 2521includes a plurality of openings configured to direct airflow in amanner that lowers the volume level of positive pressure output 2521.

Suction device 2510 includes mount 2556. Mount 2556 is configured tocouple suction device to support 2558. Mount 2556 may be used forhands-free operation of suction device 2510. In some embodiments, mount2556 may be configured to mount to a pole as frequently used in hospitaland operating room environments. In some embodiments, mount 2556 may beconfigured to couple suction device 2510 to a wall. In some embodiments,mount 2556 may be configured to hang suction device 2510 from anoverhead structure.

Suction system 2500 includes suction attachment 2552. Suction attachmentis configured to supply low pressure region 2522 to a target area. Insome embodiments, suction attachment may be configured for hand-heldoperation. In some embodiments, suction attachment 2552 may beconfigured to couple to a surgical instrument. While FIG. 25 illustratessuction attachment 2552 coupled to fluid separator 2554, it should beunderstood that suction attachment may be directly coupled to suctiondevice 2510.

Suction system 2500 includes fluid separator 2554. Fluid separator 2552is configured to separate constituents of a flow of matter. The flow ofmatter may include solids, liquids and gases in varying ratios. Fluidseparator 2554 is configured to separate liquids and solids from gas ina flow of matter. Fluid separator 2554 is configured to expel liquidsand solids into collection canister 2560. Smoke and gasses are suctionedfrom fluid separator 2554 by suction device 2510.

Suction system 2500 includes support 2558. Support 2558 can be anystructure capable of supporting suction device 2510. In someembodiments, support 2558 may be a pole as commonly found in hospital oroperating room environments. In some embodiments, support 2558 may be awall. In some embodiments, support 2558 may be a structure suspendedfrom a ceiling. Support 2550 may even include a person holding suctiondevice 2510.

Suction system 2500 includes collection canister 2560. Collectioncanister 2560 is configured to receive liquids and solids from fluidseparator 2554. Collection canister 2560 may be used to measure thevolume of liquids and solids received, safe disposal of waste or someother purpose.

In operation, suction device 2510 generates low pressure region 2522using positive pressure supply 2521. Suction generated by suction device2510 is supplied to fluid separator 2554. Fluid separator 2554 transfersthe suction to suction attachment 2552. The suction forms low pressureregion 2522 near suction port 2512. A flow of matter (which can includeliquids, solids and gasses) is pulled into suction attachment 2552 bylow pressure region 2522. The flow of matter is received by fluidseparator 2554. Fluid separator 2554 separates liquids, solids andgasses from the flow of matter. Fluid separator 2554 expels the liquids,solids and gasses from the flow of matter into collection canister 2560.Gases from the flow of matter are suctioned from fluid separator 2544 bysuction device 2510. Elements from the gasses are removed by filter2530. A filtrate from filter 2530 is passed through muffler 2532 aspositive pressure output 2521.

FIG. 24E is a diagram illustrating the operation of a positive pressureoperated suction device during normal operation. In this example,obstruction 2450 prevents all or a portion of positive pressure supply2421 from exiting at output/outlet port 2413. Backflow prevention valve2416 is configured to active in the event that obstruction 2450 preventsall or a portion of positive pressure supply 2421 from exiting atoutput/outlet port 2413. Backflow prevention valve 2421 may preventmatter from being expelled near input/input port 2422 by positivepressure supply 2421. When backflow prevention valve 2421 is activated,positive pressure supply 2421 is directed through alarm/alert 2417.Alarm/alert 2417 is configured to activate when pressure within suctionsystem 2500 increases to a threshold that is indicative of obstruction2450 preventing all or a portion of positive pressure supply 2421 fromexiting output/outlet port 2413.

FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating a method of operating a suction systemfor use in an operating room. The steps illustrated in FIG. 26 may beperformed by one or more elements of suction system 2500. Positivepressure is received at an input port of a suction device (2602). Forexample, suction device 2510 is configured to receive positive pressuresupply 2521. Suction is generated from the positive pressure (2604). Forexample, suction device 2510 is configured to generate suction frompositive pressure supply 2521. Suction is applied to a suction port of afluid separator (2606). For example, suction device 2510 is configuredto couple to fluid separator 2554. Fluid separator 2554 includes asuction port. Suction device 2510 is configured to apply suction to thesuction port of fluid separator 2554. Create a cyclonic flow within thefluid separator (2608). For example, fluid separator 2554 is configuredto create a cyclonic flow from suction received from suction device2510. Suction is transferred from the fluid separator to a suctionattachment (2610). For example, fluid separator 2554 is configured totransfer suction from suction device 2510 to suction attachment 2552.Suction from suction device 2510 generates low pressure region 2522 nearsuction port 2512. A flow of matter is pulled into the suction system(2612). For example, Suction attachment 2552 is configured to receive aflow of matter from low pressure region 2522. Liquids and solidsincluded in the flow of matter are separated (2614). For example, fluidseparator 2554 is configured to separate liquids, solids and gasses froma flow of matter. Collect the liquids and solids (2616). Collectioncanister 2560 is configured to receive liquids and solids. Collectioncanister 2560 is coupled to fluid separator 2554. Fluid separator 2554may expel liquids and solids into collection canister 2560. Gasses fromthe flow of matter are passed to the suction device (2618). Fluidseparator 2554 is configured to pass gasses from a flow of matter tosuction device 2510. Suction generated by suction device 2510 pullgasses from fluid separator 2554.

FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a muffler for positive pressureoperated suction device 2700. Muffler 2700 includes body 2772, gaps 2774and alignment features 2776. Muffler 2700 is configured to reduce avolume level of exhaust from a suction device, such as positive pressureoperated suction device 2500. The volume level of exhaust is reduced bydirecting flow paths of the exhaust. Body 2772 is configured couple tothe output of a suction device. Body 2772 can be manufactured from avariety of materials including: plastic, metal, glass and ceramic.Muffler 2700 includes gaps 2774. Gaps 2774 are configured to direct flowpaths of exhaust from a suction device such that the volume levelgenerated by the exhaust is reduced with respect to undirected flowpaths of exhaust. The size and shape of gaps 2774 affects the volumelevel of exhaust. The size and shape of gaps 2774 may be varied toaccommodate various embodiments of suction devices. In some embodiments,gaps 2774 may have a width of 1.5 millimeters. In some embodiments, gaps2774 may have a width of 2.5 millimeters. Muffler 2700 includesalignment features 2776. Alignment features 2776 are configured tocouple to corresponding alignment features on a suction device.Alignment features 2776 may be used to position muffler 2776 withrespect to a suction device. In some embodiments, alignment features2776 may be configured to position muffler 2776 with respect to a filterincluded in a suction device.

FIG. 28 illustrates a beveled edge of a hollow segment 2801. The bevelededge can form an angle of between 0 degrees and 90 degrees 2802 relativeto the segment. FIG. 28 also illustrates a beveled edge of a hollowsegment 2803. The beveled edge can form an angle of between 90 degreesand 180 degrees 2804 relative to the segment. FIG. 28 also illustrates aflared edge of a hollow segment 2805. The flared edge can form an angleof between 90 degrees and 180 degrees 2806 relative to the segment. FIG.28 also illustrates a hollow segment with a beveled edge 2807 in serieswith a second hollow segment with a flared end 2808, wherein the bevelededge 2807 and flared edge 2808 can be adjacent to one another. Thebeveled edge can have an angle between 0 degrees and 90 degrees and theflared edge can have an angle between 90 degrees and 180 degrees. FIG.28 also illustrates a hollow segment with a beveled edge 2809 in serieswith a second hollow segment with a beveled edge 2810, wherein the twobeveled edges are adjacent to one another. The beveled edge of the firsthollow segment can have an angle between 0 degrees and 90 degrees andthe beveled edge of the second hollow segment can have an angle between90 degrees and 180 degrees.

FIG. 29 is a table illustrating different device settings andcorresponding values of smoke flow rate in standard cubic feet perminute (scfm) and static vacuum in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

FIG. 30 illustrates the device noise of different devices at 1.5 metersaway and 30 psi input pressure. In some embodiments, the device may emitone or more sounds at about 49 decibels. The device may emit one or moresounds at about 6 decibels above a background noise.

FIG. 31A-B illustrates a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysisusing a flared end with a 35 degree angle relative to a central axis(FIG. 31A) or a flared end with a 55 degree angle relative to a centralaxis (FIG. 31B). Altering the angle may increase suction resolution. Forexample, altering the angle from 35 degrees to 55 degrees may increasethe suction resolution by about 20%.

FIG. 32 is a graph illustrating the maximum static vacuum as a functionof input pressure at a 35 degree angle relative to a central axis or a55 degree angle relative to a central axis. Altering the angle may alterthe maximum static vacuum. Maximum static vacuum may be between about250 mmHg and about 260 mmHg for a 35 degree angle relative to a centralaxis at 30 psi input pressure. Maximum static vacuum may be betweenabout 275 mmHg and about 285 mmHg for a 35 degree angle relative to acentral axis at 34 psi input pressure. Maximum static vacuum may bebetween about 305 mmHg and about 315 mmHg for a 55 degree angle relativeto a central axis at 39 psi input pressure.

FIG. 33 is a graph illustrating air consumption (scfm) as a function ofstatic vacuum at 34 psi input pressure. Air consumption may be betweenabout 4 scfm and about 11 scfm for a static vacuum of between about 100mmHg and about 325 mmHg at 34 psi input pressure. Air consumption may bebetween about 4 scfm and about 9 scfm for a static vacuum of betweenabout 150 mmHg and about 300 mmHg at 34 psi input pressure.

FIG. 34 is a graph illustrating air consumption (scfm) as a function ofstatic vacuum at 30 psi input pressure. Air consumption may be betweenabout 3 scfm and about 10 scfm for a static vacuum of between about 100mmHg and about 300 mmHg at 30 psi input pressure. Air consumption may bebetween about 4 scfm and about 9 scfm for a static vacuum of betweenabout 150 mmHg and about 250 mmHg at 30 psi input pressure.

FIG. 35 is a graph illustrating the noise level at maximum suction as afunction of input air pressure. Additional air consumption may increasethe noise level, such as an increase of about 1 or 2 decibels. A changein a geometry of the device may increase the noise level, such as anincrease of about 1 or 2 decibels. A change in a geometry of the device,such as sound baffles or a laminate layer with a micro-surfacearchitecture, may decrease the noise level. A noise level at maximumsuction may be about 62.5 dB at 25 psi for a 55 degree angle relative toa central axis or about 60 dB at 25 psi for a 35 degree angle relativeto a central axis. A noise level at maximum suction may be about 64.25dB at 30 psi for a 55 degree angle relative to a central axis or about62.5 dB at 30 psi for a 35 degree angle relative to a central axis.

FIG. 36 is a graph illustrating the inlet pressure and outlet flow rateas a function of a simulated filter occlusion. As the one or morefilters partially or completely occludes, the suction generated by thedevice decreases. In some cases, loss of suction occurs before completeocclusion of the one or more filters. In some cases, it may be possiblefor a suction flow to fully occlude the one or more filters. In somecases, it may not be possible for a suction flow, such as smoke, tofully occlude the one or more filters.

FIG. 37 is an image illustrating a test equipment set up. FIG. 37A canbe a pressure gauge, such as a SPAN 0-100 psi pressure gauge, QMS-596.FIG. 37B can be a manometer, such as a Meriam M2 Series smart manometer,ZM200-DN0200, QMS-689. FIG. 37C can be a flow meter, such as a KeyInstruments FR4A67SVVT flow meter. FIG. 37D can be a sound meter, suchas an Extech instruments SL130 Sound Meter, QMS-548. FIG. 37E can be aflow meter, such as a Cole-Parmer Model PMR1-010608 0.08-1.25LPM FlowMeter, S/N 371889-1, QMS-687. FIG. 37F can be a flow meter, such as aCole-Parmer Model PMR1-0106920 0.5-5LPM Flow Meter, S/N 371889-1,QMS-587 (inactive).

FIG. 38 is a flow diagram illustrating a test equipment set up for airconsumption measurement. The device can be powered by compressed air,such as from a compressed air regulator. The pressure entering thedevice can be verified by a pressured gauge, placed, for example,between the air regulator and the device. Air can be drawn into thedevice through the flow meter and a pen setup. Pressure can be recordedfrom the pressure gauge at one or more times, and flow rate can berecorded by the flow meter at one or more times. Settings on a tunerarm, for example 0 through 14, may correspondence to the width of thegap space, where 0 on the tuner arm can correspond to 0 inches of widthand 14 on the tuner arm can correspond to 0.0115 inches of width. In afirst setup, Setup A, to measure air flow, a pen setup can be connectedto the device and flow meter with tubing, such as corrugated tubing 4feet in length with a ⅜ inch internal diameter (ID) and corrugatedtubing 6 feet in length with a ⅞ inch ID. In a second setup, Setup B, tomeasure air and liquid flow, a pen setup can be connected to fourcanisters with tubing. For example, 4 fluid knock out canisters can beconnected to the pen setup with tubing 2 meters long and ⅜ inch ID. Thecanisters can be connected together with tubing, such as ⅛ inch ID. Thecanisters can be connected to the device and flow meter with ⅜ inch IDtubing.

FIG. 39 is a flow diagram illustrating a test equipment set up forstatic vacuum measurement. The device can be powered by compressed air,such as from a compressed air regulator. The pressure entering thedevice can be verified by a pressure gauge, placed, for example betweenthe air regulator and the device. The vacuum generated by the device canbe recorded with a digital manometer. The maximum vacuum can be recordedby tuning one or both of the input pressure and the gap space of thedevice to achieve a maximum vacuum.

FIG. 40 is a flow diagram illustrating a test equipment set up forstatic vacuum and noise measurement. The test can be similar to thestatic vacuum test, however, the flow rate of air into the device canalso be measured with a flow meter and device noise can be measured witha decibel meter placed about 1 meter away from the device. The decibelmeter can be placed 1.5 meters or more away from the device.

Example

The objective of this study was to determine typical flow rates (cubicfeet per minute, cfm) and pressure (millimeters of mercury, mmHg) forfluid evacuation, evacuation of smoke, evacuation of liquid, evacuationof air and liquid and to compare sound levels with typical smokeevacuation units (Rapid VAC, and Conmed AER Defense). Testing was donewith a 24131 Rev X9 and an updated shuttle valve (24444 Rev X2). Timewas taken from a laptop clock. The air pressure connected to the devicewas measured with a SPAN 0-100 psi pressure gauge (QMS-596). The tunerarm settings of the device (0 through 14) corresponded to a gap space of0 inches to 0.0115 inches. The vacuum was the vacuum relative toatmosphere at the outlet of the flow meter (when connected), and it wasmeasured with a Meriam M2 Series smart manometer, P/N ZM200-DN0200,QMS-689. The ΔP was the pressure drop across the flow meter whenconnected, and it was measured with a Meriam M2 Series smart manometer,P/N ZM200-DN0200, QMS-641. The flow rate of air into the device wasmeasured at the device inlet with a Key Instruments FR4A67SVVT flowmeter. The sound was measured by an Extech Instruments SL130 SoundMeter, QMS-548. The results are tabulated in FIGS. 41-44.

FIG. 41 is a table illustrating different device conditions for smokeevacuation in the porcine trial. FIG. 42 is a table illustrating maximumstatic vacuum (mmHg) in the porcine trial. FIG. 43 is a graphillustrating maximum static vacuum (mmHg) in the porcine trial. FIG. 44is a table illustrating the auditory noise level in decibels (dB) as afunction of maximum static vacuum (mmHg) in the porcine trial.

The various embodiments described herein operate from a pressure sourcethat is above an ambient air pressure. This pressure source may besupplied by a compressed air canister, an air compressor or even a humanbreath. In battlefield applications, or other situations whereelectricity is not available, the suction devices presented herein maybe operated without electricity by supplying a pressure above an ambientair pressure. In the field a compressed air cylinder may providepressure. Alternatively, in an emergency, the suction devices presentedherein may operate from a human breath. A traditional suction devicethat operates by a vacuum source may present danger to a human being ifthey were to use their breath to provide suction. A person providingsuction may inhale blood, bodily fluids, tissue or other undesirableelements. This risk is eliminated if a person can generate suction byblowing.

The foregoing description of the invention has been presented forpurposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, andother modifications and variations may be possible in light of the aboveteachings. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to bestexplain the principles of the invention and its practical application tothereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the inventionin various embodiments and various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated. It is intended that the appended claims beconstrued to include other alternative embodiments of the inventionexcept insofar as limited by the prior art.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for providing suction during a surgicalprocedure comprising: receiving a suction device; delivering apressurized gas to a suction port of the suction device thus generatingsuction; connecting a surgical suction instrument to the suction device;suctioning, with the surgical suction instrument, a gas, a liquid, asolid, or any combination thereof during the surgical procedure.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, comprising adjusting a liquid suction rate.
 3. Themethod of claim 2, wherein the liquid suction rate is adjustable betweenabout 5 cubic centimeters per second (cc/sec) and about 60 cc/sec. 4.The method of claim 3, wherein the liquid suction rate is adjustable byrotating a tuner arm of the suction device.
 5. The method of claim 4,wherein the rotating adjusts a width of a conduit that delivers apressurized gas to a hollow segment within the suction device.
 6. Themethod of claim 5, wherein the width is adjustable between 0 mm andabout 2 mm.
 7. The method of claim 6, comprising adjusting a liquidsuction rate over a range between about 5 cc/sec and about 60 cc/sec,wherein a gas suction capacity remains constant over the range.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the suction device operates at an auditorylevel below about 48 dB.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the suctiondevice operates at an auditory level below about 25 dB.
 10. The methodof claim 1, wherein the suction device comprises as least one sounddeadening material.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein a weight of thedevice is less than about 2 kilograms.
 12. The method of claim 1,wherein suctioning occurs at a volumetric rate of between about 5 cc/secand about 60 cc/sec.
 13. The method of claim 1, comprising filtering thegas, the liquid, the solid, or any combination thereof using one or morefilters.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the filtering collectsparticles with a diameter between about 15 nanometers and about 5micrometers.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the one or more filtersis located within the suction device.
 16. The method of claim 1, whereinthe suction device further comprises a valve configured to preventbackflow of the suctioned gas, liquid, solid, or any combinationthereof.
 17. The method of claim 16, comprising activating a backflowalert in the presence of a backflow of the gas, the liquid, the solid,or any combination thereof.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein thebackflow alert is a visual alert, an audible alert, a mechanical alert,or any combination thereof.
 19. The method of claim 18, comprisingactivating an alarm that sounds in the presence of a blockage of thedevice.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the suction device isconfigured to couple with a surgical suction system comprising acanister and a suction tube.